1. Which energy policy for EU
Which energy policy for EU? Energy developments and challenges of climate change
Ulla Sirkeinen
Ulla Sirkeinen

2. An optimal energy mix EESC Opinion
A diversified mix
All options to be kept open
Strategy towards more non-emitting sources
Efficiency
Renewables
Nuclear – safety and spent fuel
Clean coal
Framework for investments
Global post Kyoto solution
Increased R&D
Ulla Sirkeinen

3. Role of technology and innovation EESC draft report on energy policy
Only technology and other innovation provide real progress
Innovation = renewal, ideas in wide use, economic value
Technology, management, organisation
Industry, services, public administration
Energy technologies,and flanking technologies
energy efficient technologies
ITC
operation and management
behaviour
Ulla Sirkeinen

4. Conditions for innovation EESC draft report on energy policy
Skilled labour force
High class education and training, LLL
Competition
Market access – EU and globally
Network access
Investments – planning &authorisation, stable regulatory framework, long term agreements (?)
Level playing field on global markets
Ambitious targets – under certain circumstances: technology maturity, investment cycles
Regulation in some cases – overregulation not
Ulla Sirkeinen

5. Instruments to enhance innovation EESC draft report on energy policy
R&D funding : EU EUR 887million – US $ 4,4 billion to energy
Public awareness – behaviour
Price mechanisms, taxation: influence user’s choices
Subsidies: effectiveness? market distortions?
Targets and obligations: winners and loosers, IA.. No suboptimal subtargets
Regulation, bindíng norms: plan carefully, risk of stiflig innovation
Voluntary standards, agreements: varying results – no drawbacks
Public procurement: equip byers, life cycle analysis
Ulla Sirkeinen

6. Choice of instruments EESC draft report on energy policy
Far from markets, R&D-phase
Targeted R&D, demonstration support
Price signals not sufficient
Close to market, too costly
Price signal (CO2-price)
Support demand (regulation?)
Good product on market, low demand (ex. energy efficient technologies)
Awareness raising
Regulation (?)
Ulla Sirkeinen