1. In vitro effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-9) and their inhibitor (TIMP-1) in lipopolysaccharide-activated human monocytes 
Polyana das Graças Figueiredo Vilela, Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira, Patrícia Pimentel de Barros, Mariella Vieira Pereira Leão, Luciane Dias de Oliveira, Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge 
Archives of Oral Biology 
Volume 60, Issue 9, Pages (September 2015)
DOI: /j.archoralbio
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Evaluation of the viability of THP-1 cells by the MTS assay. Absorbance after treatment with different concentrations of CAPE (10, 60, 100 and 200μM), expressed as percentage in relation to the group showing 100% viability (0μM CAPE). * Only the concentration of 200μM CAPE was significantly cytotoxic to the cells. ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05).
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
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3. Fig. 2
Real-time PCR analysis for MMP-1. Human monocytes (THP-1) were treated with CAPE (10 and 60μM) combined with LPS (1μg/mL) for 24h. The level of RNA expression in the treated groups was compared to the control group (A=exposed to 1μg/mL of LPS) after normalization for HPRT1 gene expression. The graph represents the median and range of two independent experiments. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's test (p ≤ 0.05). * p<0.05 versus the control group (A).
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Real-time PCR analysis for MMP-9. Human monocytes (THP-1) were treated with CAPE (10 and 60μM) combined with LPS (1μg/mL) for 24h. The level of RNA expression in the treated groups was compared to the control group (A=exposed to 1μg/mL of LPS) after normalization for HPRT1 gene expression. The graph represents the median and range of two independent experiments. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's test (p ≤ 0.05). *p<0.05 versus the B group.
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Real-time PCR analysis for TIMP-1. Human monocytes (THP-1) were treated with CAPE (10 and 60μM) combined with LPS (1μg/mL) for 24h. The level of RNA expression in the treated groups was compared to the control group (A=exposed to 1μg/mL of LPS) after normalization for HPRT1 gene expression. The graph represents the median and range of two independent experiments. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's test (p≤0.05). *p<0.05 versus the untreated group (A).
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Analysis of MMP-1 production by ELISA. Human monocytes (THP-1) were incubated with CAPE (10 and 60μM) combined with LPS (1μg/mL). The cell supernatant was collected after 24h and the level of MMP-1 (pg/mL) was quantified. The graph represents the mean and standard deviation of the results of two independent experiments. ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05). *p<0.05 versus the control group (A); **p<0.05 the B group versus the C group.
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Analysis of MMP-9 production by ELISA. Human monocytes (THP-1) were incubated with CAPE (10 and 60μM) combined with LPS (1μg/mL). The cell supernatant was collected after 24h and the level of MMP-9 (pg/mL) was quantified. The graph represents the mean and standard deviation of the results of two independent experiments. ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05). *p<0.05 versus the control group (A); **p<0.05 the B group versus the C group.
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Zymography analysis for MMP-9. The intensity of bands corresponding to gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9. MMP-9 standard; (A) CAPE [0μM]+LPS [1μg/mL]; (B) CAPE [10μM]+LPS [1μg/mL]; (C) CAPE [60μM]+LPS [1μg/mL]. 92kDa: pro-MMP-9; 83kDa: MMP-9.
Archives of Oral Biology  , DOI: ( /j.archoralbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions