1. The passive form of modal auxiliaries

2. Formation Modal + be + past participle
Can be used to express present & future tenses.
The door can’t be opened.
Children should be taught how to read poetry.
This package ought to be sent by tomorrow.
Fred has to be told about the meeting.
Jason was supposed to be informed about the changes.

3. Future tense Some modals use will to express the future tense
Fred will have to be told about the meeting.

4. Past tense
Certain modal auxiliaries are used with have been + past participle
The letter should have sent yesterday!
This car must have been stolen two months ago.
Andrew ought to have been told about the meeting.
Other modal auxiliaries are used with to be + past participle
Fred had to be told about the meeting.
The door couldn’t be opened.

5. Exercise 10.1
Complete each sentence, using the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses. For some sentences, more than one tense may be used.
Example: Tom may have already have been given (may+already+give) this card by one of his friends.

6. 1. Ronald __________(should+tell) the good news as soon as possible.
2. Angela__________(should+drive) to the airport half an hour ago.
3. Butter________(must+keep) in the refrigerator or it will go bad.
4. Someone___________(should+clean) the kitchen before dinner.
5. We tried talking to him, but he___________(could+not+convince).

7. 6. We tried, but we____________(could+not+open) the window.
7. I am so excited! IBM called me, and I ____________(may+offer) a job with them soon.
8. The computer firm that Stephanie interviewed with last week ____________(may+not+offer) her a job, even though she had a good feeling about it.
9. I hope Bob accepts our job offer. He ___________(may+already+pffer) a job with another company.
10. It might be too late to call her with an offer. Another competing company_________(may+already+hire) her.