1. Inter-Relations within DAPPLE - The Determinants for Exposure
Dispersion
Air
Pollution &
Penetration
Local
Environment
DAPPLE brings together a multidisciplinary research group that is capable of undertaking field, wind tunnel and computational simulations so as to provide better understanding of the physical processes affecting street and neighbourhood scale flow and pollutant dispersion. The street canyon intersection is the simplest case that includes sufficient complexity to demonstrate most of the factors that will apply in a wide range of urban situations. The study will investigate the influence of roadside buildings on dispersion, the movement of vehicles on emissions variability, and interactions between these. Conditions of moderate winds and slow-moving traffic will be used to assess the extent to which our understanding of the basic street-canyon intersection under typical dispersion conditions reveals principles that are applicable to other urban situations and more adverse weather conditions.
Inter-Relations within DAPPLE - The Determinants for Exposure of
FIELD CAMPAIGNS
Field measurements are being undertaken within a 250m radius of the intersection of Marylebone Road and Gloucester Place intersection, Central London (NW1). This region of Westminster is one of the most polluted regions of the UK, where particulate and NOx levels frequently breach air quality standards. Indeed the council was the first to declare and publish an Air Quality Action Plan (& AQMA, 9th March, 1999).
The first campaign will occur between 29th April & 23rd May The second campaign will be either Oct/Nov 2003 or April/May 2004
There are three elements to the field measurements:
Meteorology (synoptic > city > neighbourhood > street canyon);
Personal exposure/background pollution; and
Tracer experiment.
WINDTUNNEL & COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS
Wind tunnel and numerical models will be used to reproduce the field site at differing degrees of detail. Indeed, one question to be answered is how much detail (e.g. box buildings > roof structures > window sills) is required for results from simulated experiments to be representative.
The wind tunnel experiments will be conducted at EnFlo, the Environmental Flow Research Laboratory, University of Surrey (above). A comprehensive range of numerical modeling, with contributions from all of the collaborating Universities, will be undertaken with examples ranging from ADMS urban (see right for colour coded – red = high, blue = low - NOx plot for Westminster Council) to fully integrated LES codes.
LAT/LONG: N: 51:31:19 W:00:09:35 OS (WGS84): X = Y = X
Regents
Park
AIMS & INTER-RELATIONSHIPS
DAPPLE will examine the inter-relationships between pollution emissions, dispersion amongst complex man-made ‘topography’ and the exposure of people moving through the area using different means of transport to answer important questions about urban air quality.
At intersection looking North along Gloucester Place – one way N (left) and AURN Super site on Marylebone Road – dual carriage way (below).
into the X
Marylebone Rd.
Strand/
Thames
Hyde Park
Synoptic Meteorology
Imperial
College
Dispersion
Emissions
Movement
Buildings
Maps curtesy of CR World (top) and Multimap (right), & photos S Arnold & J Barlow.
Vehicle Induced Turbulence X
Road Design
Marylebone Road looking E (top) and Salisbury Place looking W at back of Council Building (right).
Bickenhall St looking E with Westminster Uni tower (reference station) in background (above) and Gloucester Place South looking N (left).
A Consortium Research Project funded by the UK EPSRC Engineering for Health, Infrastructure and the Environment Programme, building on the research agendas defined by the APRIL Network and the EUROTRAC-2 SATURN Project.
CONTACTS:
Alan Robins:
Roy Colvile:
Surbjit Kaur:
Samantha Arnold:
Web: