1. The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design
Chapter 3
Toward a Better Design

2. Observing and Critiquing
Display of Information
Text?
Images?
Video?
Sound?
Lists or tables?

3. Observing and Critiquing
Navigation
Whose site is this?
Where am I in the site?
What else is available?
Where should I go next?
How do I find what I’m looking for?

4. Observing and Critiquing
Choosing and Finding
How do I select items to view?
How do I search the site’s contents?
Is there a site map?

5. Observing and Critiquing
Organization’s Identity
Use of color
Fonts
Logos
Design features

6. Observing and Critiquing
Feedback and Interaction
Forms
Discussion forums
Chat rooms
Other?

7. Observing and Critiquing
Analysis of other sites
(especially competitors)
helps you plan your own

8. Guidelines for Site Design
No hard and fast rules
Instead, guiding principles

9. Guidelines for Site Design
Aspect ratio
Width vs. height
Most Computer screens are 4:3
4 units wide by 3 units high
12” wide = 9” high
800 pixels wide = 600 pixels high
Visitors see your site through a “window” that’s wider than it is tall.
Trend:
Base
19” LCD 1280 x 1024
20-22” LCD 1680 x 1050 or so
High End
16:10 Screens
20 inches or larger

10. Guidelines for Site Design
Width
Height
Old
640
480
Standard
800
600
Modern
1024
1280
768
Cutting Edge
1600
1680
1920
2560
1200
1050

11. Guidelines for Site Design
Whole screen is not available!
Your content must fit inside the browser window

12. Guidelines for Site Design
Where does your eye naturally go on a new printed page?

13. Guidelines for Site Design
Where does your eye naturally go on a new Web page? ?
We don’t know yet

14. Guidelines for Site Design
What do we know?
Top is better than bottom
Above the scroll is better than below
Movement is better than motionless
Fewer items are better than more

15. Guidelines for Site Design
Traditions that still work:
Titles at the top
“Next” buttons towards the right side
For navigation/menu items:
“Up” is more general – buttons towards to top
“Down is more specific – buttons towards the bottom Up
Down

16. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)

17. Welcome to the new online course from Addison Wesley/Benjamin Cummings to support Addison-Wesley's Web Wizard Series, 1/e by Editor Addison-Wesley. Developed by educators, CourseCompass online content features the most advanced educational technology available today.
Welcome to the new online course from Addison Wesley/Benjamin Cummings to support Addison-Wesley's Web Wizard Series, 1/e by Editor Addison-Wesley. Developed by educators, CourseCompass online content features the most advanced educational technology available today.
Welcome to the new online course from Addison Wesley/Benjamin Cummings to support Addison-Wesley's Web Wizard Series, 1/e by Editor Addison-Wesley. Developed by educators, CourseCompass online content features the most advanced educational technology available today.
Welcome to the new online course from Addison Wesley/Benjamin Cummings to support Addison-Wesley's Web Wizard Series, 1/e by Editor Addison-Wesley. Developed by educators, CourseCompass online content features the most advanced educational technology available today.
(Old CRTs)

18. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)
NEVER display text over a background image

19. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system.
A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

20. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)
NEVER display text over a background image
Best line length is words

21. In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

22. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)
NEVER display text over a background image
Best line length is words
Use 12-point standard system fonts
Times, Helvetica, Arial, Times Roman
Verdana, Georgia specifically designed for screens
Better not to specify and let browser choose

23. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Times New Roman
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Arial
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Verdana
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Georgia

24. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Algerian
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Harlow Solid Italic
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
Old English Text

25. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)
NEVER display text over a background image
Best line length is words
Use 12-point standard system fonts
Serif fonts for text, san-serif for titles

26. This is a sans-serif font
This is a serif font

27. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)
NEVER display text over a background image
Best line length is words
Use 12-point standard system fonts
Serif fonts for text, san-serif for titles
Limit yourself to 2 fonts and 2 sizes per page
One size for titles, the other for text
All titles same size, all text same size

28. Early Years
Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
1978
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system.
A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
1981
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
1989
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

29. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Black text on white background (prints better too)
NEVER display text over a background image
Best line length is words
Use 12-point standard system fonts
Serif fonts for text, san-serif for titles
Limit yourself to 2 fonts and 2 sizes per page
Avoid words set in all caps – SHOUTING!

30. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Headings should contrast with body text
Different font
Different size
Contrasting color
Surround with white space

31. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

32. Early Years. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system.
A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

33. Early Years. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system.
A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

34. Early Years Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
1978 In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
1981 From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
1989 In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

35. Early Years Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
1978 In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
1981 From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
1989 In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

36. Early Years Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
1978 In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
1981 From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
1989 In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

37. Early Years Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
1978 In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
1981 From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
1989 In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

38. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Headings should contrast with body text
Separate paragraphs
Blank line
Indented first line
Don’t use both

39. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

40. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

41. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

42. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

43. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

44. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Headings should contrast with body text
Separate paragraphs
Leave white space around text
Always left and right
Above and below as necessary

45. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

46. Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University, England, Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd  (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, working on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.
In 1978 Tim left Plessey to join D.G Nash Ltd (Ferndown, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. A year and a half spent as an independent consultant included a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future development of the World Wide Web.
From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real time control firmware, graphics and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

47. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Headings should contrast with body text
Separate paragraphs
Leave white space around text
Organize around a single axis
Line up text, graphics, images, etc.
Left, center, or right
Only one

48. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Headings should contrast with body text
Separate paragraphs
Leave white space around text
Organize around a single axis
Balance visually
Top – bottom
Left – right
Don’t concentrate items in one area

49. Guidelines for Site Design
Making text easy to read
Headings should contrast with body text
Separate paragraphs
Leave white space around text
Organize around a single axis
Balance visually
The simpler the better
Every element you add competes for the user’s attention
Don’t distract the user from the page’s central idea

50. Designing for Eye Appeal
Color Wheel
Primary colors (paints)
Yellow
Blue
Red
Secondary colors
Orange
Green
Violet
Tertiary colors

51. Designing for Eye Appeal
Harmony is pleasing to the eye
Visually balanced
Engages viewer
Creates a sense of order
Not harmonious
Boring
Bland, under-stimulating
Chaotic
Cannot be organized

52. Designing for Eye Appeal
Extreme unity = under stimulation
Extreme complexity = over stimulation

53. Designing for Eye Appeal
Cool colors
Blue, green, violet
Business-like, detached
Warm colors
Red, yellow, orange
Fiery, provocative

54. Designing for Eye Appeal
Complementary colors
Opposite each other
Maximum contrast

55. Designing for Eye Appeal
Analogous colors
3 adjacent colors

56. Sidebar: Colors Traditional Primary Colors - Paint
Paint Colors - Inkjet
Mixing Paints
Light Colors
Mixing lights
Color Information
Monitor vs. Printing

57. Designing for Eye Appeal
Shade
Add black
Tint
Add white
About color in general

58. Designing for Eye Appeal
Frames
Divide a single browser window into separate, independent windows
Keep certain elements (such as menus):
always visible and
in the same place
Maintain identify (title on every page)

59. Designing for Eye Appeal
Scrolling
Inefficient process (requires too many steps)
Web pages are more like TVs than newspapers
User control
24-hour, all-you-can-eat buffet
“Life is short, start with dessert”
Simplicity and courtesy
Straight-forward designs
Make sense to the user

60. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Do it
Paper
Whiteboard
Word
Photoshop
Paint!

61. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Excellent way to test concept
Don’t be pressured to turn prototype into final product!

62. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Sponsor
Audience
Colleague

63. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
Copy of Statement of Purpose
Explain special functions of site

64. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
List of questions
Specific yet open-ended
“What might be added …?”

65. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
List of questions
Make it easy to respond
Post online form, take phone calls, self-addressed envelope to return surveys
Make simple Yes/No, scale of 1-5 type choices.

66. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
List of questions
Make it easy to respond
Deliver package (go ahead and post site?)

67. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
List of questions
Make it easy to respond
Deliver package (go ahead and post site?)
Thank reviewers

68. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
List of questions
Make it easy to respond
Deliver package (go ahead and post site?)
Thank reviewers
Consider all suggestions

69. Sketching, Prototyping, and Testing
Select reviewers
Explain the purpose of the site
List of questions
Make it easy to respond
Deliver package (go ahead and post site?)
Thank reviewers
Consider all suggestions
Revise & test again

70. Assignment
Hands-On Exercise #3 & 4, p. 78

71. Resources
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines:
What makes a great web site?
Art and the Zen of Web Sites