1. New Ways of Life and New Entertainment
Topic 1.6

2. When is the GILDED AGE? End of the Civil War until end of century
Progressive Era
WWI
1920s Roaring ’20s
1930s Great Depression
WWII
Cold War

3. What is the GILDED AGE? Coined by Mark Twain
Gilded means “covered with a thin layer of gold”
Thin but glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty and corruption of much of society

4. What is the GILDED AGE? Time of growth in America
Industrial expansion raised output of nation’s factories and farms
Beneath the surface
Unstable economic infrastructure
Discontent caused by depressions, low wages and rising farm debts
Immigration issues
Poverty & crime
Corruption

5. Higher Standards of Living
Technological innovations drove the development of new industries
This created more jobs, wealth, extra income in consumers hands
The cost of living decreased

6. Vaudeville / Minstrel Show
Minstrel Shows-1840s
Began to die out as vaudeville gained popularity
Blackface (African American stereotypes)
African American/White performers (wearing blackface)
African American- Often the only stage jobs they could get
Many African Americans switched to vaudeville

7. Vaudeville / Minstrel Show
First appeared in the 1870s
Inexpensive variety show

8. Movies
,000 nickelodeons (theaters set up in converted stores or warehouses that charged a nickel for admission)
200,000 viewers daily
Movies continue to get bigger and better

9. Circus 1872-The circus train: traveling circus
“Advance men” promote the show days in advance, drawing in huge crowds.
Several days later the circus train pulled in

12. Amusement Parks Advances in trolley technology
Trolleys extended to lesser populated areas
“Trolley Parks” at the end of the line
½ day off on Saturdays (more common)
Music, games of skill, rides, beaches, vaudeville

13. Sports Baseball By far the most popular
Entrepreneurs enclosed fields and charged admission
Development of leagues
1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings (first professional team)

14. Sports Football (1880s) Basketball (1891) Women Walter Camp
Invented by Dr. James Naismith, Springfield, Mass.
Women
Played, but not equally encouraged
Women’s rules

15. Reading Newspapers Easier printing  mass production
Now w/comics, sports, pictures, etc.
Circulation rises from 2.6 million1870 to 15.1 million1900
Becomes big business  more competition 

16. Reading Sales tactics change Yellow Journalism
sensational mass coverage (murders, vice, scandals, etc.)
Reference to yellow ink in a popular comic strip of the era

17. Reading-Joseph Pulitzer
Hungarian immigrant fought in the Civil War
Moved to New York 1880s
Started a morning paper the New York World
Very successful
Soon started publishing the Evening World

18. Reading William Randolph Hearst
Born in San Francisco, California, on April 29, 1863
New York Morning Journal
Competitor for Pulitzer
Also used Yellow Journalism

19. Reading Magazines Popular Fiction Dime novels Social protest novels
Inexpensive books
Social protest novels
Reformers
Humorous novels
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

20. Music Section of New York City called Tin pan Alley
Became the center of the music publishing industry
Name of the style of popular music developed there
Ragtime- originated among African American musicians in the South and Midwest-1880s
Jazz (New Orleans)
home

21. New ways of shopping The middle class tried to imitate the rich
Departments stores
A variety of goods organized into “departments”
Widespread advertising
Many women had to work to achieve a middle-class lifestyle

22. New Standards of Living
Better sanitation and better medical care=better health
Longer life expectancy
Made life easier
Factory produced clothing and prepackaged food
Technological advances

23. Horatio Alger American author Juvenile novels "rags-to-riches" stories
Impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination
Wrote over 100 books

24. The Expansion of Education
Topic 1.6

25. Growth of Public Schools
1870s-Leaving school at an early age
Vast majority attended school for only a few years
Learned to read, write, and basic arithmetic
Rural: November to April only

26. Growth of Public Schools
Industry grows
People move to cities
Emphasis on education
1900
31 states had laws requiring children (ages 8-14) to attend schools
Unevenly enforced (still had a powerful effect)

27. School Days One-room school houses Ages 6 to 14 years old
1 teacher (older students taught younger)
Mostly rote memorization (reading aloud & repeating)
Subjects
Geography
History
R, R, R (Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic)

28. Immigrants Assimilation for children
Assimilate-to be absorbed into the main culture of a society
Public school teachers taught their students
English literacy
American cultural values-patriotism, & hard work
Traditional American cooking
Traditional American games
Adults attended school at night to learn English and civics (study of the rights and duties of citizens)

29. Immigrants Some resisted Parents sent them to religious schools
Fearing their children would forget their heritage
Parents sent them to religious schools
Learn their own culture and traditions in their native language

30. Uneven Support Separate schools for whites and African Americans
Minority schools received less money
Virtually no schooling for Native Americans.
Those that attended:
Gave up their language
Gave up their dress
Gave up their customs/culture

31. Higher Education 1880-1900 150 new colleges/universities open
Wealthy contributions to education
Leland Stanford- entrepreneur helped build transcontinental RR
Founded Stanford University in memory of his son
Enrollment doubles ( )
Soon middle-income families send kids

32. Women & Higher Ed.
Private women’s colleges established by philanthropists
1880/90s: pressure to admit women
Some, yes; others, no.
Most scholarships went to men.
Social prejudice against women
Too independent  “unmarriageable”

33. African Americans Many wanted to enroll, but few schools allowed it.
Total enrollment (1890) = 160 African Americans were attending white colleges
Most were at African American colleges (established during Reconstruction)
By 1900, there were 2,000 graduates from 34 African American colleges

34. Black Education Opinions
2 famous African American college graduates:
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
2 very different perspectives