1. Approved Sugarcane Varieties, Their Characteristics and Varietal Planning for High Sugar Recovery
Dr Sanjeev Kumar
Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding)
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow

2. Sugarcane Agro-climatic Zones in India
Tropical
Sub Tropical
Peninsular Zone
East Coast Zone
North West Zone
North Central Zone
North East Zone
Maharashtra,
Karnataka. Kerala, Parts of Tamilnadu and Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh, Coastal region of Tamilnadu and Odissa
Central and Western part of UP, Uttarakhand, haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan
Eastern Part of UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal
Assam and other parts of NE States

3. 33% 62 % 38 % Distribution of sugarcane area & production 67 %
Sub-tropical
Tropical
Zone
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana
State
67 %
33%
Area
62 %
38 %
Production

4. Saccharum officinarum
Origin of Sugarcane
Saccharum Lineage
Saccharum robustum
Saccharum spontaneum
Domestication
Saccharum barberi
Saccharum edule
Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum sinense

5. Phases of Sugarcane Breeding
Based on breeding materials
Type of progeny produced

6. Breeding of Noble canes to produce the Noble cultivars.
Breeding through noblization to produce noblized cultivars.
Breeding of noblized canes to produce hybrid cultvars.
Breeding hybrid canes to produce the current cultivar.
Breeding to Broaden the genetic base.

7. Breeding of Noble canes to produce the Noble cultivars.
Open pollinated progenies selected from Noble canes (Saccharum officinarum)
e.g. EK Seedling from Lahaina (Java)
Q 813 from Badila (Australia)
H 109 (Hawaii)
B 716 (Barbados)

8. Breeding through noblization to produce noblized cultivars.
“Noblization is the pollination of Noble canes with its wild relatives followed by repeated backcrosses to the noble cane.’’
e.g. ‘Co’ Seedlings
(Noblized Tri-species Hybrids)
POJ 2878
(Proefstation Oost Java)

9. Breeding of noblized canes to produce hybrid cultvars
Crossing among noblized canes in 1930s NCo 310 (Co 421 x Co 312) selected in Co 419 (POJ 2878 x Co 312) for tropical India B and B in Barbados (1937)

10. Breeding hybrid canes to produce the current cultivar
Commercial cultivars and hybrid canes have been main breeding materials for development of current cultivars. e.g. Co 1148, CoS 767 and CoJ 64 for subtropical India CoC 671, Co 740 and Co for tropical India

11. Current thrust areas in sugarcane breeding
Breeding for high Sugar and cane yield
Breeding for high fibre content and fibre quality for cogeneration, paper making.
Breeding for tolerance to abiotic stresses
Use of Erianthus for high yield and biomass
Breeding for resistance/Tolerance to biotic stress
Breeding for wide adaptation as well as specific adaptation

12. Steps in sugarcane breeding
Establishment of parental gene pool
Choice of parents
Hybridization
Raising of seedlings
Selection and evaluation of clones
Multilocation testing
Varietal release and Notification

13. Sugarcane Flowering

14. SUGARCANE TRUE SEED

15. Inflorescence Cover

16. Pollen collection

17. Pollination

18. Seedling of Sugarcane
Germinated seedling from true seed

19. Recommended Sugarcane Varieties
North West Zone
State
Early
Midlate
U.P., Uttarakhand,Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan
Co (Karan-1), CoH 92201, Co 0238, Co 0118, CoS (Mithas), CoS (Rachna), CoPk 05191, Co 05009
CoPant 90223, CoS 91230, (Raseelee), CoS (Shweta), CoS (Sweety), CoH 119, CoJ 20193, CoPant 97222, Co 0124, Co 05011, Co 06034

20. Recommended Sugarcane Varieties
North Central and Eastern Zone
State
Early
Midlate
Eastern U.P., Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam
Co (Sarayu), Co (Moti), Co (Gandak), CoSe (Rasbhari), CoSe (Rashmi), CoSe (Jalpari), CoLk (Birendra), Co 0232 (Kamal)
BO 128 (Pramod), (Rajbhog), Co 0233 (Kosi)
CoP 09437

21. Recommended Sugarcane Varieties
East Coast Zone
State
Early
Midlate
Andhra Paredesh, Orrisa,
Tamilnadu
CoC 01061
Co (Bhavani)

22. Recommended Sugarcane Varieties
Peninsular Zone
State
Early
Midlate
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Gujarat, M.P.
Co (Prabha), Co (Shyama)
Co 8371 (Bhima), Co (Nayana), Co (Kalyani), Co (Uttara), Co (Dhanush), CoM (Krishna), Co (Damodar), Co (Sulabh), Co (Mangal)

23. Varietal Identification

24. गन्ना किस्मों की पहचान 27 लक्षणो के आधार पर:-
1- पौधा बढ़वार स्वभाव (Plant Growth Habit)
-सीधा (Erect)
-अर्ध सीधा (Semi Erect)

25. 2- पत्राच्छद: रोमिलता (Leaf sheath: hairiness) - अनुपस्थित (Absent) - विरल (Sparse) - सघन (Dense) 3- पत्राच्छद: जीभिका की आकृति (leaf Sheath: Shape of ligule) -पट्टी आकार (Strap-shaped) -त्रिकोणाकार (Deltoid) -पहाड़ी आकार (Crescent shape) -धनुषाकार (Arch shaped)

27. Ligule Shape

28. 4- पत्राच्छद: आंतरिक पालि की आकृति (Leaf sheath: Shape of Inner Auricle) - इन्सीपिएंट (Incipient) -त्रिकोणाकार (Deltoid) -दंताकार (Dentoid) -अंकुशाकार (Unciform) -कैल्केरिफ़ार्म (Calcariform) -वल्लभाकार (Lanceolate) -हँसियाकार (Falcate)

29. Characteristic 26. Leaf sheath: shape of auricle
1 (fig.1, 2 and 3) incipient ; 2 (fig.4) deltoid; 3 (fig.5) dentoid; 4 (fig.6) unciform; 5 (fig.7) calcarifrom ; 6 (fig.8) lanceolate; (fig.9) falcate.

30. Auricle Shapes

31. 5- पत्राच्छद: डेव्लप का रंग - हरा (green) -हरित पीला (greenish-yellow) -पीला (Yellow) -पीलापन लिए हरा (Yellowish- Green) -भूरा (brown) -बैगनी (purple)
(Leaf sheath: Colour of dewlop)

32. Prominent Dewlap colour

33. 6- पत्रदल: घुमाव (leaf blade: Curvature)
सीधा (Erect)
मुड़ी नोक (Curved tip)
धनुषाकार (Arched)
संकरा
मध्यम
- चौड़ा
7- पत्रदल: चौड़ाई (leaf blade: Width)

34. 8- पौधा: पत्राच्छद का चिपकना (Plant: Adherence of leaf sheath)
- निर्बल (Weak) - मध्यम (Medium) - सबल (Strong) -हरा, -हरा सफ़ेद, -पीला, -पीला हरा, -पीला सफ़ेद, -नारंग सफ़ेद, -धूसर हरा -धूसर पीला
9- अंतरगांठ का रंग (Exposed) (Colour of internode)

35. 10- अंतरगांठ का रंग (Unexposed) (Colour of internode)
11- अंतरगांठ: व्यास -पतला -मध्यम -मोटा 12- अंतरगांठ: आकृति - बेलनकार - शंकुभाकार - फुलावदार -प्रतिशंकुभकार - अटेरन का आकार - वक्राकार

36. Characteristic 5. Internode: shape As described by Artschwager (1940)
5 obconoidal
3 bobbin-shaped
4 conoidal
6 concave-convex 1
cylindrical
2 tumescent

37. 13- अंतरगांठ: टेढ़ामेढ़ा पन 14- अंतरगांठ: बढ़वार चटक 15- अंतरगांठ : छिलके की सतही दिखावट 16- अंतरगाठ : मोमियापन (Waxiness ) 17- गांठ : कलिका की आकृति (Bud shape) -अंडाकार -प्रति अंडाकार -गोल अंडाकार -गोल -पंचभुजाकार -त्रिभुजाकार -नुकीला

38. Bud Shape

39. Bud Shape

40. 18- कलिका का आकार (Bud size) -छोटी -मझोली -बड़ी 19- कलिका खांचा -अनुपस्थित -उथला -गहरा 20- कलिका आधार - अनुपस्थित - उपस्थित

41. 21 – वृद्धि छल्ले के संदर्भ मे कलिका शीर्ष 22- वृद्धि छल्ले की प्रमुखता 23- मूल पट्टी की चौड़ाई (कलिका के विपरीत दिशा मे) 24- अंतरगांठ : अनुप्रस्थ काट -गोल -गोल अंडाकार 25- अंतरगाठ मे गूदा 26- मिल योग्य गन्नो की संख्या 27- पौधे की ऊंचाई

48. Pith

50. THICKNESS

51. COLOUR

53. Three-tier seed programme
(for disease – free seed production)
Nucleus Seed
Moist hot air treatment
(540C for 2.5 hours at 99% R.H.)
Breeder Seed (I year)
Foundation Seed (II year)
Certified Seed (III year)

54. Thanks