1. Feudal
Japan
By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez and Ms. Susan M. Pojer Grace Christian Academy of MD

3. Shinto Ancestor Worship Polytheism Hyper- Nationalism Great Creator
The World of the kami
Minimize sin & guilt

4. Torii Gate, Miyajima Island

5. Torii Gate in Winter

6. Amaterasu : Sun Goddess
The Yamamoto clan claimed the emperor was a direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu-one of the main forces of nature in the Shinto religion

7. Wedded Rocks at Futami no Ura
Union of Izanami & Izanagi-their daughter was Amateratsu they also believed to have created the islands that make up Japan

8. Tree kami surrounded by sacred boundaries

9. Yamamoto Period: 300-710 “Great Kings” era
Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:
the Yamamoto clan-the 1st and only dynasty to rule Japan
some Confucianism.-but rejected civil service exams-positions given to nobles
Language (kanji characters).
Buddhism practiced alongside Shintoism.
Chinese art & architecture.
Government structure.
“Great Kings” era

10. The current emperor Akihito is a descendant of the 1st Yamamoto emperor (1989-present)

11. Heian Period: 794-1156 Characteristics:
Growth of large landed estates.
Arts & literature of China flourished.
The Fujiwara family controlled power and protected the emperor Fujiwara family the true political power of Japan
Personal diaries
The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10c]
Great novel
The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+] 
Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. Japan became more isolated

12. Heian Period: Cultural Diffusion w/ China
Chinese writing.
Chinese artistic styles.
Buddhism [in the form of ZEN].
BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 

13. Heian Court Dress

14. Tale of Genji (first novel in Japanese language)

15. Tale of Genji Scroll (first novel)
* Ironic: written by a woman during a time in which education for women was discouraged by the Fujiwara family

16. Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

17. Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
Minamoto Yoritomo
Set up a military government
Set up a feudal political order similar to Medieval Europe
Talent and discipline rather than noble etiquette
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate:

18. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society

19. Japanese Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Japan
Shogun- chief general
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Land - Shoen
Daimyo
Daimyo
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
The samurai warriors provided police and military protection

20. Code of Bushido-the way of the samurai
Honor
Courage
Loyalty
Simplicity

21. Seppuku: Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way if a
Samurai fails his master
Kaishaku – his “seconds”

22. Full Samurai Attire

23. Samurai Sword-the Katana

24. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

25. Samurai Charging

26. Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

27. European Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Europe:
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Land - Fief
Lord
Lord
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

28. Code of Chivalry Justice Loyalty Defense Courage Faith Humility
Nobility

29. Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior

30. Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knight’s Armor
Samurai Armor

31. Zen Buddhism
A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.
It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

32. Mongol “Invasions” of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them. As a result Japan remained closed off from the rest of the world for a while longer

33. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 Shoguns fought for power. Laws are unclear.
Less efficient than the Kamakura.
Armies of samurai protected the country. 

34. C A S T L E S

35. Osaka Castle

36. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

37. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

38. Warwick Castle, England

39. R O E N S

40. The Age of the Warring States: (1467 - 1568)
Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above to below.
Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

41. Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.

42. Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

43. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan. 
Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

44. First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in Nagasaki Today

45. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Four-class system (a caste system) laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class! 
Warriors.
Farmers.
Artisans.
Merchants.

46. Tokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed off to all trade-National Seclusion Policy (Japanese cant leave and no foreign travelers allowed) --[except to the Dutch and Chinese]. 
The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.
Domestic trade flourishes.
Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
Merchant class becomes rich! 
New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater.

47. Japanese Culture under the Tokugawa Shogunate
A unique fusion of Buddhist Chinese and Shinto Japanese culture

48. An interior of a Kabuki theater.

49. Bunraku Puppets

50. Chanoyu : Tea Ceremony

51. Tea Ceremony Equipment
Green Tea

52. Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper Folding

53. Origami : Modern Adaptations

54. Haiku : 17-syllable poem Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku
Spring departs. Birds cry Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.
Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku

55. Ikebana : The Art of Japanese Flower Arranging
Tallest  Heaven
Middle  Man
Smallest  Earth

56. Bonzai : A Unique Method of Meditation

57. Japanese Garden for Meditation

58. Japanese Zen Garden

59. Shinto in Modern Furniture
Simplicity!

60. Contrast them: India, China and Japan on European Aggression
India-allowed trade w/ Europe, least suspecting of Europeans-paid dearly and overrun completely by British, French and Portuguese
China- allowed some trade, mainly in port cities, partly overrun by Europeans
Japan- briefly allowed some outside influence, but closed itself off and became an imperial power themselves

61. DOMO
ARIGATO!
(thank you very much!)