1. Water Resources

2. Water Resources Lecture Outline
Water Basics
The Water Cycle and Water Distribution
River Systems
Dam Building
Ground Water
Karst Terrain
Edwards Aquifer
Wetlands
Water Pollution
Water Uses
Water Issues

3. Water
H2o
States of Water
Liquid Water
Water Vapor or Steam
Ice

4. Temperature Determines the state of Water

5. Water Basics
Vital for Life
The Hydrologic Cycle

6. The Water Cycle

7. Global Water Resources

8. River Systems

9. Mississippi River Basin
Drainage Basin
Hypoxic Zone

10. Colorado’s Colorado River

11. Colorado River

12. Texas Rivers

13. Austin’s Colorado River

14. Lake Travis

15. Lake Austin

16. Lady Bird Lake

17. Watershed Map City of Austin
Drainage Divide

18. Three Gorges Dam Largest in world Controls deadly floods
Displaced 1.2 million people including farms, cities, homes, and factories
370-mile-long reservoir
Three Gorges Dam

19. Three major environmental effects of Dams
Land with its cultural and biological resources is lost in the area flooded by the reservoir
The reservoir traps sediment that is transported from upstream by the rivers and streams that enter the reservoir. The trapped sediment reduces the water storage capacity of the reservoir and staves the downstream ecosystems of sediment, leading to river and coastal erosion.
The downstream hydrology and sediment transport system change the entire river environment, affecting the organisms that live there.

20. Three Gorges Dam

21. Dam Construction Multifunctional Uses recreation water reservoir
flood control

22. Groundwater
Cenote in Mexico

23. Groundwater Flow

24. Water Table
Vadose Zone
Water Table
Saturated Zone

25. Porosity and Permeability

26. Porocity and Permeability

27. Factors influencing the rate of infiltration form the surface
Topography – steep slopes reduce infiltration
Soil and Rock Types – factures and pore space increase infiltration
Amount and Intensity of Precipitation
Low intensity favors infiltration
High Intensity favors runoff
Vegetation
Increases infiltration and decreases runoff
Land-use
Urbanization’s impervious cover reduces infiltration
agricultural practices increase runoff and erosion, decreasing infiltration
Clearcutting increases erosion and runoff and decreases infiltration

28. Land Use Changes effect the water cycle

29. Impervious Cover

30. Aquifers
Florida’s underground aquifer passage

31. Aquifer

32. The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater

33. Urban Artesian System

34. Cone of Depression

35. Salt Water Intrusion
New York, New York

36. Spring

37. Groundwater Overdraft

38. Ogallala Aquifer

39. Groundwater is a Non-Renewable Resource

40. Lubbock Cotton Harvest
GMO Cotton

41. Karst Terrain Landscape shaped by the dissolution of soluble rock
San Salvador, Bahamas
Karst Landscape
France

42. Features of Karst Terrain

43. Sinkhole

44. Sinkholes

45. Animation of Cave Formation
Innerspace Cavern
Georgetown, Texas

46. Cave Deposition
Dissolved calcium carbonate is precipitated creating cave formations
Natural Bridge Cavern
New Braunfels, Texas
Carlsbad Cavern
New Mexico

47. Cave Features

48. The Environmental Implications of Karst Terrain

49. Soil Erosion

50. Erosion: Factors affecting runoff and sediment yield
Geologic Factors
Topographic Features
Climatic Factors
Vegetation Factors
Land-use factors

51. Edwards Aquifer

52. Aquifer
San Antonio 1895

53. Barton Springs

54. Barton Springs Pool

55. Wetlands

56. Wetland features swamps marshes bogs prairie potholes vernal ponds
Sifton Bog

57. Wetlands: Important Environmental Features
storm buffer
natures natural filter
water storage
habitat
groundwater recharge
Coastal Wetlands,Louisiana

58. Water Pollution

59. Water Uses

60. Water Uses

61. Global Water Use 70% Agriculture 20% Industry
10% for Urban and rural homes

62. Trends in Water Use

63. Water Resource and People
Currently water is being transported to people
Better option would be if people moved near water

64. Urban Water Usage

65. In -Stream Water Usage

66. Water Issues

67. California Water Issues
California Aqueduct

68. Desalinization Plant

69. US Population
1950 = 151 million
1995 = 267 million
2009 = 307 million

70. Water for the Future locating alternative supplies
protecting and managing supplies better
controlling population growth

71. Water conservation: How to use water more efficiently and reduce withdrawal and consumption?
Agriculture
poor irrigation practices waste a tremendous amount of water
Improved agricultural irrigation
lined and covered canals that reduce seepage and evaporation
computer monitoring and scheduling of release from canals
more integrated use of surface and groundwater
night irrigations (reduces evaporation)
improved irrigation systems such as sprinklers and drip irrigation
better preparation for water application
Domestic Water use
10 percent of nations total
concentrated use poses problems
more efficient bathroom and sink fixtures
watering lawns and gardens at night
drip irrigation for domestic plants
Water removal for thermoelectricity
could be recued by as much as 25 – 30 percent by using cooling towers designed to use less or no water
Manufacturing and industry
use less

72. The Round Rock Round Rock, TX