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The Brain By Khaled Na3im Part I
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Nervous System CNS (central nervous system) PNS Brain Spinal Cord
(peripheral nervous system) Peripheral Nerve + Ganglion ANS ( autonomic nervous system )
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The Brain The brain includes : Cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere)
Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem
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Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metencephalon Cerebellum Pons Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle Derivatives Prosencephalon diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus Mesencephalon mesencephalon Midbrain Rhombencephalon myelencephalon Medulla oblongata
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Inner Structures of the Brain
Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
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Cerebrum – Cerebral Hemisphere
Telencephalic structure –lateral ventricles Cerebral Cortex - lobes, gyrus & sulcus 2. Cerebral White Matter (medullary center) 3. Basal Ganglia
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Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (lateral surface)
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe
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Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (medial surface)
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe
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Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface) Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe
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Gyri of the Frontal Lobe
Lateral Surface Precentral Gyrus --- primary motor area Superior Frontal Gyrus Middle Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Pars Opercularis Pars Triangularis Pars Orbitalis Medial Surface Medial Frontal Gyrus Paracentral Lobule Basal Surface Rectus Gyrus Orbital Gyrus ] Broca’s area (dominant hemisphere)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Broca’s area Pars Opercularis Pars Triangularis Pars Orbitalis
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Motor Homunculus
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Broca’s Area Pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus of dominant hemisphere. Photograph of the brain of Broca’s patient called “Tan” (real name is Leborgne).
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)
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Gyri of the Parietal Lobe
Lateral Surface Postcentral Gyrus ---- primary somesthetic area Superior Parietal Lobule Inferior Parietal Lobule ---- Wernicke’s area Supramarginal Gyrus Angular Gyrus Medial Surface Paracentral Lobule Precuneus
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
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Sensory Homunculus
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Gyri of the Occipital Lobe
Lateral Surface Lateral Occipital Gyrus Superior Occipital Gyrus Inferior Occipital Gyrus Medial Surface Cuneus Lingual Gyrus Basal Surface Occipitotemporal Gyrus
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)
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Gyri of the Temporal Lobe
Lateral Surface Superior Temporal Gyrus Middle Temporal Gyrus Inferior Temporal Gyrus Basal Surface Lingual Gyrus Occipitotemporal Gyrus Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus Lateral Occipitotemporal Gyrus
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
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Gyri of the Limbic Lobe Outer Ring Cingulate Gyrus
Isthmus of Cingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus Uncus, Uncinate Gyrus Inner Ring Hippocampal Formation Hippocampus, Ammon's Horn Dentate Gyrus Fasciolar Gyrus Indusium Griseum (Supracallosal Gyrus) Paraterminal Gyrus (Subcallosal Gyrus) Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)
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Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
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Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain
1 2 5 4 3 Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain
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Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain
3 2 4 1 Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain
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Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain
2 1 Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain
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Insula of Reil
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Structures around the Limbic Lobe
1 3 2
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Structures of the Limbic Lobe
1 2 3
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Structures of the Limbic Lobe
2 1 3
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Structures of Fornix Uncus Hippocampus Fimbria Crus Commissure Corpus
Column Mammillary body 6 7 5 8 3 2 1 4
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Cerebral White Matter Projection fiber Corona radiata
Commissural fiber Corpus callosum rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Anterior commissure Commissure of fornix Association fiber Short association fiber Long association fiber
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Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section)
1. Corpus callosum 2. Internal capsule 3. Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus 4. Superior longitudinal 5. Inferior occipitofrontal 6. Cingulum 7. Uncinate fasciculus 8. Inferior longitudinal
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Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metencephalon Cerebellum Pons Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle Derivatives Prosencephalon diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus Mesencephalon mesencephalon Midbrain Rhombencephalon myelencephalon Medulla oblongata
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