1. Cell Division
process by which cells reproduce themselves

2. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Binary fission
process where DNA is copied and cells are divided into two identical haploid cells

3. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Cell Cycle
the repeating set of events in the life of a cell
Regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division

4. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Cell Cycle
2 parts with 4 stages
Interphase (includes Stages 1, 2, 3)
M phase (includes Stage 4)
4 Main Stages
Gap 1 (G1)
Synthesis (S)
Gap 2 (G2)
Mitosis and Cytokinesis (M)

5. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Interphase
consists of 3 Stages
(G1) = growth (increase in size) and increase number of organelles
Critical checkpoint before moving to Stage 2
(S) = DNA replication (copy DNA)
(G2) = more growth and preparation
Critical checkpoint before moving to Stage 4

6. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
M phase
consists of 1 Stage
(M) = 2 processes
Mitosis = division of the nucleus & DNA
Nuclear envelope disappears
DNA condenses and separates
2 new nuclei form
Cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm
Result is 2 identical cells

7. Control of the Cell Cycle

8. Rate of the Cell Cycle In humans S, G2, M = 12 hours
G1 = differs based on cell type

9. Cell Size If too small Can’t hold all necessary organelles
If too large
Necessary materials cannot move across the cell membrane fast enough
Surface area to Volume ratio
too much volume, not enough surface area