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KEY CONCEPT Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction, and normal functions.
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The cell cycle has four main stages.
Cell cycle-is the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
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The 4 main stages of the cell cycle:
1) Gap 1 (G1)- Cell carries out normal functions, increases in size, and organelles increase in number. Cells spend most of their life in this stage. 2) Synthesis (S)- Cells make a copy of nuclear DNA. 3) Gap 2 (G2)- Cells continue normal function and continue to grow. Cells must go through certain checkpoints, like size, number of organelles, DNA copied, etc. 4) Mitosis (M)- Cell division stage. Consists of 2 stages: A) Mitosis- Division of cell nucleus and its contents. B) Cytokinesis- Process that divides cell cytoplasm, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
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Cells divide at different rates.
The rate of cell division varies with the bodies need for those types of cells. In human cells, S, G2, and M takes about 12 hours Length of the G1 stage depends on cell type Rate of division is greater in the embryo and kids G0 stage- stage where some cells rarely, if ever, divide. Example Lymphocytes (White Blood Cells).
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Cell size is limited. Volume increases faster than surface area.
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Surface area must allow for adequate exchange of materials.
Cell growth is coordinated with division. Cells that must be large have unique shapes.
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