1. Mid-Term Review
Day 3

2. Topic 12: Cellular energy
ATP vs. ADP = Adenosine Triphosphate = high energy carrier
Adenosine Diphosphate = low energy carrier
38. Photosynthesis = process of converting light energy to chemical
a. Location = chloroplasts of plant cells
b. Energy produced = sugar stores energy
c. Chemical formula = CO2 + H2O + Light  C6H12O6 + O2
d. How many stages = light dependent and light independent

3. Topic 12: Cellular energy
39. Aerobic Cell Respiration = break down sugars to make ATP in presence of oxygen
a. Location = mitochondria
b. Energy produced = up to 36 ATP
c. Chemical formula = C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
d. How many stages = Krebs (citric acid cycle) and Electron transport chain

4. Topic 12: Cellular energy
40. Anaerobic Cell Respiration (AKA fermentation) = non-oxygen using energy production, (low amount of ATP) a. Glycolysis – process that takes place before any form of respiration (anaerobic/aerobic) b. Lactic acid fermentation = turns simple sugars into lactic acid (burning sensation in muscles) c. Alcohol fermentation = turns simple sugars into alcohol and CO2 gas. (used to make breads/wines)

5. Topic 13: Plant parts/structures
41. Basic structures a. Leaves = used to give more surface area/space for chloroplasts in order to absorb the most light b. Roots = in ground to anchor plant as well as absorb H2O and nutrients c. Stems = supports structures between leaves and roots, holds xylem and phloem (vascular tissue)

6. Topic 13: Plant parts/structures
42. Sexual organs a. Carpel = female reproductive system i. Stigma = captures pollen from environment ii. Style = brings pollen down to the ovary iii. Ovary = will supply resources to the future seed b. Stamen = male reproductive system i. Anther = top that releases the pollen into the air ii. Filament = holds the anther further from flower

7. Topic 14: The cell cycle
43. Main stages of the cell cycle = (life cycle of the cell) a. G1 = Gap 1 – growth, minor checks occur b. S = Synthesis – DNA is copies/duplicated c. G2 = growth, checks for mistakes before division d. Mitosis = dividing of the cell nucleus e. Cytokinesis = dividing of the cell cytoplasm

8. Topic 14: The cell cycle
44. Mitosis a. Prophase = chromatin condenses, nucleus dissolves, spindle fibers grow b. Metaphase = chromosomes align in center of cell c. Anaphase = chromatids split along equator d. Telophase = nuclei reform, chromosomes loosen, e. Stages of division = two stages of division f. Products of mitosis = 2 genetically identical diploid cells

9. End of Day 3