1. Analyzing Learning and Learning a Foreign Language -- an Ecological Model of Education
Yueguo Gu
The Institute of Beiwai Online Education
The National Research Centre of Foreign Language Education

2. Main Headings Types of Learning Bases of Learning Laws of Learning
Modes of Learning
Media of Learning
Learning a Foreign Language
Methods and Strategies of Learning

3. 1
Types of Learning

4. What Is Learning? Learning behavior vs. non-learning behavior
Non-learning behavior: e.g. a human baby: crying, sucking, breathing, holding
Human learning: there is a huge potential for learning.
Learning, according to Paul Chance, is a change in behavior due to experience

5. Types of learning
Adaptive learning and activity learning
Knowledge learning and skill-learning

6. Adaptive Learning and Active Learning
Adaptive learning is a change in behavior in order to be in harmony with an existing environment.
Active learning is a change in behavior that contributes to an existing environment

7. Become to Know something (从不知到知）
What is learning?
Learning means that a change has taken place from the state of not knowing something to the state of knowing it.

8. Become to be able to do something （从不会做到会做）
What is learning?
Learning means that a change has taken place from the state of being unable to do something to the state of being able to do it.

9. 2
Bases of Learning

10. Prerequisites for learning
curiousness
Perceiving (e.g. through five senses)
Memorizing
Problem-detecting
Tool-using
Problem-solving

11. IQ vs. Multiple Intelligence
IQ test – a single intelligence assumption
Gardner’s Multiple intelligences theory
Linguistic intelligence
Musical intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence
Spatial intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Intra-personal and interpersonal intelligence

12. 1 Genetically programmed “learning” (基因支持下的“学习”）
Animal “learning“
Humans learning to walk

13. 2. Some Basic Intelligent Learning
A dolphin learning to play with humans
A human baby learning to draw

14. Highly Intelligent Learning
Learning a name, for example, England;
Learning a concept, for example, number 5;
Learning an imagined concept, for example, dragon.
Only humans can learn these.

15. 3
Laws of Learning

16. Law 1 学为过程律 Learning is a process taking place over time.
It may take a short time to learn something;
It may take quite a long time to learn something else.

17. Law 2 Internalization 内化律
Whatever is being learned has to be internalized by the learner.
No internalization, no learning!

18. Law 3 the law of irreplacability 不可替代律
Learning is something done by the learner. No one can learn for the learner, as no one can eat or walk for anyone else.

19. Law 4 the Law of Erasability 丢失律
Learning is not something you can own it forever. Even genetically programmed learning can be lost if it is out of practice for a time long enough.
For some learning you may retain it (meaning keep it) for quite a while;
For some other learning you may loose it very quickly.

20. Law 5 the law of practisibility 自发与多用律
Learning will stay with you forever
as long as you are self-motivated to learn at any time; and
as long as you keep using or practising what you have learned.

21. Law 6 the law of motivation 动因律
The five laws above are built on one assumption that the learner is motivated to learn.
The hypothesis is: the more motivated the learner, the better s/he learns.

22. 4
Modes of Learning

23. 1. Self-independent learning
Learning is pursued by the learner;
No conscious efforts are made by other(s) to help.
For example, someone wants to learn how to cook a special dish from a chef, who is anxious to protect his skill from being learned by others.

24. 2. Teacher-instructed learning
Learning is made through the instructions given by a teacher.

25. 3. Mixed Modes of Learning
Formal Education –Institutionalized:
Self-independent learning
Teacher-instructed learning
Informal Education
Self-independent learning
Private teacher-instructed learning

26. 5
Media of Learning

27. 1. Paper-based
2. audio-based
3. video-based

28. 4. Mixed media – Multimedia-based

29. Web-based

30. Learning a Foreign Language6
Learning a Foreign Language

31. Principle 1 It is governed by the six laws of learning in general
The law of process 学为过程律
The law of internalization
The law of irreplacability 无法替代律
The law of erasability 学会丢失律
The law of practisability 自发与多用律
The law of motivation 动因律

32. Principle 2
Learning by doing 做中得学

34. the cognitive stage: 跟学阶段 the associative stage: 模仿试用阶段
Three Stages
the cognitive stage: 跟学阶段
the associative stage: 模仿试用阶段
the autonomous stage: 自然无意识阶段

35. Methods and Strategies of Learning7
Methods and Strategies of Learning

36. Part 1 Self-Management Self-motivation File-keeping Self-evaluation
Self-reinforcement

37. Part 2 Learning Habits Understanding course design
Understanding unit design
Self-recording
Talking to yourself
Fluency first
Five-skill recycling
Mental mode-switching
contextualization

38. Part 3 Task-based Acting Applying Breaking down into elements
Characterizing
Dramatizing
Giving an example
Graphic aids
Grouping
Implementing
Creating associations
Modeling
Note-taking
Parallel writing
Playing for time
Resoursing
Self-diagnosing
Using a checklist

39. Part 4 Through social activities
English corner
Cooperative projects
Evening parties
Partnership
Pen friends
Chat friends
Cyber community

40. Thank You for Your Attendance !