1. Lesson Objectives: Section 2 - The Cold War Heats Up
Standard Addressed: Students analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II.
CH 18-SEC 2
Lesson Objectives: Section 2 - The Cold War Heats Up
1. Explain how Communists came to power in China and how the United States reacted.
2. Summarize the events of the Korean War.
3. Explain the conflict between President Truman and General MacArthur.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
CARES
Commitment
Attitude
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. QUIZ!
Fill in your
ID NUMBER!
First & Last Name
CH-18-2

4. The Cold War Heats Up Section 2
After World War II, China becomes a communist nation and Korea is split into a communist north and a democratic south.
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5. SECTION 2: THE COLD WAR HEATS UP
CHINA:
For two decades, Chinese communists had struggled against the nationalist government of Chiang Kai-Shek
The U.S. supported Chiang and gave the Nationalist Party $3 billion in aid during WWII
However, Mao Zedong’s Communist Party in China was strong, especially among Chinese peasants

7. GUIDED READING 1. Which side the United States support, and why?
Civil war in China
1. Which side the United States support, and why?
China:
Nationalists;
because they opposed communism

8. CHINESE CIVIL WAR:
After Japan left China at the end of the War, Chinese Nationalists and Communists fought a bloody civil war
Mao established the People’s Republic of China
MAO

9. CHINESE CIVIL WAR:
Despite the U.S. sending $ billions to the Nationalists, the Communists under Mao won the war and ruled China
Chiang and the Nationalists fled China to neighboring Taiwan (Formosa)
MAO
Kai-Shek

10. 1944–47, U.S. sends military aid to Nationalists to oppose communism
1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan
Communists establish People’s Republic of China in mainland
U.S. does not recognize Communist Chinese government
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11. GUIDED READING
Civil war in China
2. What did the United States do to affect the outcome of the war?
China:
Sent the Nationalists billions of dollars in military equipment and supplies;
tried to negotiate an end to the war

12. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
A – What factors led to the Communist takeover in China?
The Nationalist were corrupt and non-supportive of the peasants.
The communist had strong leadership, and they worked to win peasant support.

14. GUIDED READING 3. What was the outcome of the war? China:
Civil war in China
3. What was the outcome of the war?
China:
Nationalist lost the war to the communist
The nationalist fled to the island of Taiwan.

15. AMERICA STUNNED
The American public was shocked that China had fallen to the Communists
Many believed containment had failed and communism was expanding
American fear of communism and communist expansion was increasing

16. GUIDED READING
Civil war in China
4. How did the American public react to that outcome, and why?
China:
with shock, anger, and fear;
Americans couldn't believe that the policy of containment had failed and demanded explanations from the government.

17. KOREAN WAR
Japan had taken over Korea in 1910 and ruled it until August 1945
As WWII ended, Japanese troops north of the 38th parallel surrendered to the Soviets
Japanese soldiers south of the 38th surrendered to the Americans
As in Germany, two nations developed, one communist (North Korea) and one democratic (South Korea)
Soviet controlled
U.S. controlled

18. NORTH KOREA ATTACKS SOUTH KOREA
On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea
With only 500 U.S. troops in South Korea, the Soviets figured the Americans would not fight to save South Korea

19. NORTH KOREA ATTACKS SOUTH KOREA
Instead, America sent troops, planes and ships to South Korea
South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion; Security Council approves
MacArthur put in command of South Korean, U.S., other forces

20. MACARTHUR’S OUNTERATTACK
At first, North Korea seemed unstoppable
However, General MacArthur launched a counterattack with tanks, heavy artillery, and troops
Many North Koreans surrendered; others retreated across the 38th parallel

21. INCHON LANDING

22. Captured North Koreans

23. GUIDED READING 1. Which side the United States support, and why?
Civil war in Korea
1. Which side the United States support, and why?
Korea:
South Korea;
because it was democratic and North Korea was Communist

24. B – How did Korea become a divided nation after World War II?
North Korea surrendered to the Soviets.
South Korea surrendered to the United States.
Two separate countries emerged;
North Korea and South Korea

25. CHINA JOINS THE FIGHT
Just as it looked like the Americans were going to score a victory in the North, 300,000 Chinese soldiers joined the war on the side of the North Koreans

27. The fight between North and South Korea had turned into a war in which the main opponents were Chinese Communists vs. America

29. GUIDED READING
Civil war in Korea
2. What did the United States do to affect the outcome of the war?
Korea:
provided naval and air support;
sent troops;
Went to war

30. C – How did the involvement of communist China affect the Korean War?
Just as UN forces had overtaken North Korea,
the Chinese entered the war on the side of North Korea and pushed the UN troops southward.

32. MacArthur Wins!

33. GUIDED READING 3. What was the outcome of the war? Korea: stalemate;
Civil war in Korea
3. What was the outcome of the war?
Korea:
stalemate;
Korea remained two nations divided by a demilitarized zone;
the United States lost 54,000 American lives and spent $67 billion.

34. Macarthur: Nukem now!

35. MACARTHUR RECOMMENDS ATTACKING CHINA
To halt the bloody stalemate, General MacArthur called for an extension of the war into China
Furthermore, MacArthur called for the U.S. to drop atomic bombs on several Chinese cities
President Truman rejected the General’s requests

36. MACARTHUR VS. TRUMAN
MacArthur continued to urge President Truman to attack China and tried to go behind Truman’s back – Truman was furious with his general
On April 1, 1951, Truman made the shocking announcement that he had fired MacArthur

37. Macarthur was given a ticker-tape parade
MACARTHUR VS. TRUMAN
Public outraged over hero’s dismissal
Congressional committee investigation concludes Truman right
Americans were surprised and many still supported their fallen general
Macarthur was given a ticker-tape parade

38. D – How did Truman and MacArthur differ over strategy in the Korean War?
MacArthur wanted to wage full-scale nuclear war against China.
Truman wanted to limit the war.

39. AN ARMISTICE IS SIGNED
Negotiators began working on a settlement as early as the summer of 1951
Finally, in July 1953, an agreement was signed that ended the war in a stalemate (38th parallel)
America’s cost:
54,000 lives and $67 billion
Korean War Memorial, Washington D.C.

40. Executive Order 9981
an executive order issued on July 26, 1948 by President Harry S. Truman.
It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.

42. GUIDED READING
Civil war in Korea
4. How did the American public react to that outcome, and why?
Korea:
with dismay; the high costs of the unsuccessful war led Americans to reject the Democratic party.

43. QUIZ!
Fill in your
ID NUMBER!
First & Last Name
CH-18-2