1. Sustainable Energy Planning for Autonomous Power System of Crete
BSEC - 2nd ISC Energy & Climate Change 8-9 Oct 09
Dr Emmanuel Karapidakis
Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources – TEIC Greece

2. Electric Energy
Generally electricity consumption is an indicator of the development level of each country or region
Nowadays, a higher per capita consumption does not necessarily indicate a superior level of development
Energy efficiency and energy saving are crucial factors
A most accurate indicator is energy consumption per GDP

3. Power System’s Structure
An electric power system is comprised of the following parts:
Consumers (customers), who require electricity;
Sources of the electric energy, electric power plants of various types and sizes;
Delivery system, by which the electric energy is moved from the generators to the consumers (electric loads).
Electric Energy Storage Systems (optional)
All the parts are electrically connected and operate in an electric balance.

4. Power System’s Requirements
PS should meet the following basic requirements:
Power Balance
Supply and meet any power demand (kW)
Energy Balance
Supply and meet required energy whenever needed (kWh)
Power Quality
Supply energy and power with specific characteristics:
1. Voltage (volt)
2. Frequency (Hz)

5. Conventional Generation Renewable Energy Sources
Power Systems
Conventional Generation
Renewable Energy Sources
Power Balance +
Energy Balance +
Power Quality
Electric Loads

6. Power Systems – Future Scenario
Renewable Energy Sources
Conventional Generation
Power Balance +
Energy Balance +
Power Quality
Electric Loads

7. Power System Types Two (2) main types of power systems:
Interconnected power systems
There is a potential of import and/or export of power/energy through the connection (high voltage transmission lines)
Autonomous or island systems
Both energy and power should be balanced by their own sources and infrastructures

8. Power System of Crete
Grete is the largest Greek island with approximately 8,500 km2 and one of the largest in Mediterranean region.
Its population is more than 600,000 inhabitants that almost triple in summer period
A representative autonomous power system (medium size) with annual energy consumption for 2008 more than 3TWh.

9. Current Conditions & Future Prospects
Autonomous Power System of Crete

10. Power System of Crete Island
Three (3) Thermal Power Plants: 740MW
Thirty (30) Wind Parks: 160MW

11. Conv.Capacity & Load Duration Curve

12. Load & Energy Consumption Evolution

13. Monthly variation of min and max Load

14. Crete’s 24-hours load demand variation

15. Installed & About to be Installed shortly

16. Geographical allocation of Wind parks

17. Wind Power Penetration (year 2008)
29/07/2008: Annual Highest 2.64GWh – ES 24% – WPP from 19% to 36%

18. Wind Power Penetration (year 2008)
25/10/2008: Annual Highest ES 32.6% – 2.36GWh – WPP from 29% to 38%

19. Wind Power Penetration (year 2008)
Hourly Average Wind Power Generation in a 24 hours base for 2008

20. Wind Power Penetration (year 2008)
Combination of highest wind power with lowest load in a 24 hours for 2008

21. Load demand evolution estimations

22. Estimated Wind & PV capacity till 2012

23. Geographical dispersal of PV plants

24. Autonomous Power System of Crete
Energy Planning till 2020
Autonomous Power System of Crete

25. Installed Capacity Evolution

26. 1st Scenario – Annual Generation

27. 1st Scenario – Annual CO2 Emissions

28. 2nd Scenario – Annual Generation

29. 2nd Scenario – Annual CO2 Emissions

30. Sensitivity Analysis
Effect of different annual growth energy consumption rates in CO2 eq. emissions at year 2020
Annual Energy
increment
Final CO2 eq.
Emissions
(first scenario)
(second scenario)
3% (base case)
2355·103 tn
1434·103 tn 2%
2095·103 tn
1275·103 tn 4%
2644·103 tn
1610·103 tn

31. Conclusions
Energy Planning till 2020

32. Assumptions
The utilization of other renewable energy technologies and sources except wind turbines and photovoltaics didn’t considered.
Therefore only to the wind parks and PV power plants evolution with or without the parallel construction of pump storage systems have been investigates.
Finally, this study didn’t examine the possibility of Cretan power system interconnection with the continental power system of Greece.
Dr Emmanuel Karapidakis
Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources – TEIC Greece

33. Conclusions I
The obtained results showed that in the first considered scenario and in case of higher load demand annually increment, the improvement by renewable energy sources cannot overcome the presumed annual energy demand, resulting almost constant CO2 eq. emissions for the whole examined period.
On the other hand, in the second considered scenario, the high penetration of renewable energy technologies overcomes the increase in annual energy demand, so the final CO2 eq. emissions almost 40% lower, compared to the first scenario.
Dr Emmanuel Karapidakis
Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources – TEIC Greece

34. Conclusions II
Comprehensive sustainable energy planning that successfully combines:
- Grid enhancement and LNG introduction,
- Advance control and intelligent operation,
- Wind and solar further exploitation in collaboration with energy storage systems,
- Energy saving policies,
Could lead to a reliable and safe high RES share implementation project.
Dr Emmanuel Karapidakis
Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources – TEIC Greece