1. The Progressive Movement 1890-1920
The Rise of Progressivism

2. Who were the Progressives?
Not an organized political movement with a specific set of reforms
believed that industrialization and urbanization created many social problems
believed that government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems
Progressives were generally urban educated middle class and belonged to both parties (teachers, social workers)

3. An urban reform demanded most frequently by city dwellers was the reform and professionalization of city police forces. Here, one of New York City's Finest poses for the camera in 1907

4. Beginnings of Progressivism
Partly a reaction to Laissez Faire and unregulated economy
The Progressives believed that first you needed to fix the government then fix society
Progressives had a strong faith in science and technology, using scientific principles could produce solutions for society

5. Progressive Movement
Social problems in rural (country) and urban (city) settings gave rise to third-party movements and the beginning of the Progressive period.
The "bathroom" in a New York City cold-water tenement flat. As many as 150 people and two shops on the bottom level filled each building. Toilets like this, four per floor, were communal, and were located near and vented into the air shaft that served the inner apartments as their only source of light and air photo.

6. Muckrakers
-Crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption; the muckrakers were the first to talk of progressive ideals
Ida Tarbell- published a series of articles critical of Standard Oil in McClure’s
Jacob Riis- wrote “How the Other Half Live”- described how crime, poverty, and disease affected neighborhoods in New York City

7. Muckrakers – writers that exposed wrongdoings
In business and politics
Examples: trusts (oil, beef and tobacco), prison conditions, exploitation of natural resources, the tax system, the insurance industry, pension practices and food processing, among others.
Ida Tarbell – Journalist,
revealed the abuses by
Standard Oil Trust (Rockefeller)
Upton Sinclair – wrote “The Jungle”,
exposed the meat packing industry
Meat Inspection Act of 1907 is passed as
A result of the book.
Lincoln Steffens – uncovered political
corruption in St. Louis and other cities

8. Triangle Shirtwaist fire

9. The bodies piled up on the sidewalk

10. Aftermath inside

11. Identifying the bodies

12. ……Another

13. Making Government Efficient
Many Progressives believed that if government worked properly then many problems in society would fade away
Companies could be more efficient by managing time, breaking big tasks into smaller ones, and using standardized tools
The mayor or city council chose who would be heads of city departments. Usually the people chosen were friends or supporters who knew little of city management

14. AFTER REFORM….POWER MOVES TO VOTERS!!!!
BEFORE
REFORM
Party leaders choose candidates for state & local offices
Direct Primaries - Voters select their party's candidates
State Legislatures choose U.S. Senators
17th Amendment - U.S. Senators are elected by popular vote
Only members of the State Legislature can introduce bills
Initiative - Voters can put bills before the Legislature
Only Legislators pass bills
Referendum - Voters can vote on bills directly
Only courts or the legislature can remove corrupt officials
Recall - Voters can remove elected officials from office
AFTER REFORM….POWER MOVES TO VOTERS!!!!

15. Direct Election of Senators
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
Income tax
Direct Election of Senators
Taxes income
A progressive tax – more you make, the more you pay
Before – State legislators chose
After – people choose
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
PROHIBITION
WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
Supporters – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony
Who feared women voting? Liquor industry, anti-union leaders, anti-civil rights
Supporters – Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
Result – Organized Crime

16. The Suffrage Movement -Problems of Women’s Suffrage
1.) Accused of being unfeminine and immoral
2.) Congress passed the 14th and 15th Amendments
3.) The debate over the 14th and 15th amendment split the movement into two groups:
a.) The National Women’s Suffrage Association- wanted to focus on passing a constitutional amendment allowing women’s suffrage
The movement weakens

17. YWCA- A place for women to go for education, work habits

18. Social Welfare for Progressivism
Campaign against child labor:
- Reformers est. the NCLC in 1904
Building/Health codes:
- Clean environment and sanitary conditions
-Building inspections: light, air, fire safety
Prohibition Movement:
-No alcohol-Temperance Movement led by women and “Christians”
- Believed that alcohol was responsible for societies problems

19. Discrimination
Discrimination and segregation against African-Americans intensified and took new forms in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Racial segregation means separation of the races. After Reconstruction, Southern state governments passed “Jim Crow” laws, forcing separation of the races in public places. Different states passed these laws in different years, but by the early twentieth century all Southern states required racial segregation in public facilities and had denied most African-Americans the right to vote. These laws limited the freedoms of African-Americans who lived in the South.