1. AP Human Geography Unit 5: Agriculture Copeland
Global Pattern of Agriculture, Agribusiness and the Changes in Cultural Landscape
AP Human Geography
Unit 5: Agriculture
Copeland

2. Intensive vs. Extensive AG
Extensive AG-use of small inputs of labor, fertilizers and capital (sheep, cattle)
Intensive AG-use of large inputs of labor, fertilizers and capital (dairy, eggs, fruits/ veggies-perishable)

3. Agricultural Landscape
The agricultural imprint of cultivation on the land
The patterns of fields and properties created as people occupy land for the purpose of farming

4. Cadastral Systems A system the delineates property lines
Adopted in places where settlement could be regulated by law
Three Types:
1) Township-and-Range System
2) Metes and Bounds
3) Long-Lot Survey

5. 1) Township-and-range system
Designed to facilitate the dispersal of settlers evenly across farmlands of the interior
Basic unit = section (1sq. Mi of land)
Land frequently bought in half or quarter sections
Townships – (36 sq. mi) serve as political administrative subdistricts

6. Township and Range –
The cultural landscape of Garden City, Iowa reflects the Township and Range system. Townships are 6x6 miles and section lines are every 1 mile.

7. 2) Metes and Bounds Survey
Natural features used to demarcate irregular parcels of land
Used commonly along the eastern seaboard
Rivers, lakes, streams, mountains

8. Tennessee’s 3rd Surveyor’s District using Metes and Bounds to describe the plot

9. 3) Long-Lot Survey System
Long, narrow unit block stretching back from a road, river, or canal
Central and Western Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Southern Louisiana, Texas

10. Longlot Survey System
The cultural landscape of Burgandy, France reflects the Longlot Survey system, as land is divided into long, narrow parcels.
French Long Lot agricultural fields in Louisiana

11. Dominant Land Survey Patterns in the US

12. Maps of AG

26. Truck Farming Crops

37. Agricultural Villages
Linear Village
Cluster Village (nucleated)
Round Village (rundling)
Walled Village
Grid Village

38. Village Forms

39. Functional Differentiation within Villages
Cultural landscape of a village reflects:
Social stratification
Differentiation of buildings
Cultural norms
Economic way of life
Levels of Interdependence

40. Stilt village in Cambodia
Buildings look alike, but serve different purposes.

41. Farm in Minnesota
each building serves a different purpose

42. Agribusiness and Vertical Integration
Many different types of agribusinesses work together to market the products of U.S. agriculture. The marketing process starts when the producer sells grain, soybeans, cotton, livestock, dairy, eggs, poultry, fruit, nuts, vegetables or other products. From there the job is taken over by other agribusinesses that perform functions that are necessary to deliver the product to a consumer. The process ends when the consumer buys a ready-to-use product such as a steak, a loaf of bread, a pizza, a bag of apples, a can of peas, a shirt or a pound of cheese.
Commodity - This refers to any product that is essentially undifferentiated. This means that there is no difference in the product regardless of which company you buy from. Milk is generally said to be a commodity. As long as the product meets the health guidelines for milk, there is really no difference between producers or sellers. Trade goods, goods -- (articles of commerce).
Oil/Petroleum Products
Coffee
Steel and Infrastructure
Gold
Wheat

43. CONAGRA PRODUCTS

44. Starbucks Coffee as a Commodity in Vertical Integration
Starbucks practices a unique form of vertical integration. They control the coffee that is grown (Arabica) only. They negotiate a price of the coffee they purchase from individual farmers (market price) and farmers are given incentives for high quality beans. Roasting is done using very specific, unique methods by Starbucks.
Starbucks and Fair Trade: Does it truly care about the farmer? Reference to articles read from last night. What is the conundrum associated with Starbucks and Fair Trade coffee?