1. Mountain Men and Explorers

2. Mountain Men
came to the west for furs mostly beaver, but took muskrats, and mink
followed Native American trails
later these trails became major routes of transportation
traded with Native Americans

3. Mountain Men Mountain men era lasted from 1810s-1845
They would store furs in hiding places called a Cache

4. Peter Skene Ogden
Led the Hudson Bay Company of Trappers (England Company)
came into Cache Valley which was called Willow Valley
Traveled south from Cache Valley into New Valley and found New River

5. Peter Skene Ogden later names were changed Ogden Valley, Ogden River
Ogden and his men had a fight with some American trappers
Ogden was now camped at Mountain Green in Weber Canyon

6. Peter Skene Ogden Disagreed on whose territory they were in
Americans wanted to take all British furs and independent mountain men
Ogden lost 23 men and over 700 furs
never came into Utah again

15. Rocky Mountain Fur Company
Company was organized William Ashley with Major Andrew Henry as a partner

16. Rocky Mountain Fur Company
First men recruited was known as Ashley’s 100.
They would hire two types of Mountain Men
First type called Company Men who would work for the company and any furs taken would be the company’s

17. Rocky Moutain Fur Company
Second type was called the Independent Trapper would sell their furs to whoever paid the most
RMF Company was the first to discover and use South Pass as a means to travel over the Rocky Mountains

18. Rocky Mountain Fur Company
Started the Rendezvous
which is where the Mountain Men traded their furs for supplies
didn’t have to travel all the way back to Missouri for new supplies

19. John H. Weber
led one of the Brigades of Mountain Men for the Rocky Mountain Fur Co.
Trapped in the Uintah and Wasatch Mountains

20. John H. Weber
Weber Canyon, County and River are named after him when his men camped on the river for the winter
Johnson Gardner was a subordinate led the fight at Mountain Green against Peter Skene Ogden
Jim Bridger was in his brigade who was the first from the company to see the Great Salt Lake

21. Jedediah Smith most notable Mountain Man
24 years old led another group of Mountain Men from the Rocky Mountain Fur Company
made several expeditions into California

22. Jedediah Smith
Smith wrote some of the first details of Utah in his diary
First to travel length and width of Utah
Read a Bible around the campfire at night.

23. Never let the reading of the one interfere with the use of the other.
Good shot with a rifle
Never let the reading of the one interfere with the use of the other.
mauled by a bear and survived
killed by Comanche Indians in 1831

25. Jim Bridger Abandoned another mountain man to death to save his life
One of the first Europeans to see Great Salt Lake
Well know for his guiding, memory, tracking skills
Credited with making tall tales

26. Etienne Provost Independent Trapper led group out of Toas, New Mexico
First White man European to see the Great Salt Lake
Brigade was attacked by Snake Indian Chief, along shores of the Great Salt Lake

27. Etienne Provost
Provost and men were invited to sit down for dinner could not wear metal during the ceremony, it would bring bad luck
left their guns
indians kept knives and attacked

28. Etienne Provost Provost lost 7 men 3-4 others survived
Provost came back to area a year later
Provo River and Provo City named for him
Worked for the American Fur Company

29. Forts Fort Uintah was built by Antoine Robidoux
built in Uintah valley by Uintah River
later burned and destroyed by Indians because of the fighting, slavery and stealing that took place there

30. Forts
Fort Hall was built on the junction of the Snake and Portneuf Rivers used by immigrants as a trading post on their way to Oregon and later California

31. Forts
Fort Bridger was built by Jim Bridger, on the Black's Fork River in Wyoming 1843
Fort Ashley on the banks of Utah Lake by William Ashley collected over $180,000 worth of furs

32. Trails Old Spanish trail was established from 1829-1849.
A route for traders to travel from New Mexico to California without traveling over the Grand Canyon
Avoided the Apache Native Americans
followed the Dominguez and Escalante Expedition.

33. Trails Joseph Walker established a route to get to California
been used for years but he was the first to publish it.
Followed the Humboldt River through Nevada.

34. Army Explorers John Fremont
Fremont was a young ambitious Army officer. Married the daughter of Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton
Led three expeditions to Utah.
Proved the Salt Lake Valley was a basin
He named Antelope Island and Fremont Island, which they floated on a rubber raft to.

35. Army Explorer Wrote his discoveries in a book helped by his wife
Many immigrants read those books creating a desire to move to the west.
Journals were read by Brigham Young who decided to lead his group of religious followers to Salt Lake Valley. (Upper California as it was called)

36. Army Explorer
Portrayed the Salt Lake Valley as a good place to settle and farm.
Brigham Young felt that Fremont was less than accurate in his details
Fremont was led by legendary mountain man Kit Carson

38. Carson carved cross on Fremont Island still seen today.
Led Fremont's men across the Salt Flats to Pilot’s Peak.

40. John W. Gunnsion and Howard Stansbury
Came to Utah to map the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake in 1849 two years after the Mormons
Gunnison wrote a book about the Mormons while he was here.

41. Army Explorers
1853 Gunnison was sent back to Utah to find a route for the transcontinental railroad.
Was killed by the Pahvant Native Americans in retaliation for a chief that was killed by immigrants on their way to California

42. Army Explorers Gunnison’s group accomplished three things
Established a southern wagon route to California
Established a military road into Utah
Determined that the railroad route should go through northern Utah

43. Army Explorers John Wesley Powell 1869 Civil War Veteran
Took nine wooden boats down the Green River
Explored one of the last areas that had not been mapped out of the United States
Took two more expeditions down the Green and Colorado rivers
Lake Powell is named for him

44. Immigrants Hastings Cutoff
Lansford Hastings wrote a book on how to get to California titled “An Immigrant’s Guide to California” would save them 200 miles and three weeks
Some immigrants read his book and listened to him, they traveled through Utah on their way to California

45. Immigrants First groups came down Echo Canyon, then Weber.
Weber Canyon was most difficult to get through with area called Devil’s Gate
Many busted up wagons, killed mules, oxen and horses going through

51. Donner Party Donner Party
Last group to follow Hasting’s Cutoff. Told not to come through Weber Canyon it was too difficult
Made a new trail through Immigration Canyon into Salt Lake Valley. Took them two weeks to cut brush for trail.
Tired and worn out they pulled their heavy wagons up over what is not Donner’s Hill

53. Donner Party Teams were worn out and exhausted from this ordeal
They then trekked across the Salt Flats into Nevada with little water for three days

54. Donner Party
Trail can still be seen today with many articles they left behind to lighten the loads of the wagons.
One day too late to cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains they got trapped in snow and some resorted to cannibalism to survive.
The snow was over 20 feet deep at times!