1. WWI Take Home Notes Archer

2. 7-4.1 WWI Vocab Define ‘Terms to Know’ from Chapter 4 Arms race
Alliance
Mobilization
Entente
Balance of power
Central powers
Allied powers
Neutrality
Trench warfare
Propaganda
blockade

3. MAIN Causes of WWI Militarism
European countries continued to build bigger and bigger armies and navies to help them take over lands

4. Alliances
Countries made military alliances agreeing to help each other out against rivals
Russia, France and England = Triple Entente
Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary = Triple Alliance

5. Imperialism
Countries were competing to make new colonies and grow their wealth

6. Nationalism
Not all nations had their own country and were included into larger empires (Astro-Hungarian and Ottoman)
People wanted independence from empires and to create their own countries
Differences in the culture led to conflict in the empires

7. The Spark of the ‘Great War’ June 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austria Hungary's Empire) was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist

8. How WWI Begins
Ferdinand is killed in Bosnia by a Serbian Nationalist
Austria-Hungary and Serbia begin to fight
Russia joins to help Serbia
Germany joins to help Austria-Hungary
War spreads through Europe
Central Powers (Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria- Hungary,Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire)
Allied Powers (Triple Entente: Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Russia, and eventually…the U.S.)

10. 7-4.1 Weapons and Battle Fronts
WWI was more deadly because of modern fighting
The Industrial Revolution helped make new weapons (tanks, machine guns, airplanes, submarines, poison gas & gas masks, long range artillery)
Choose 2 from the list on pg 185 and write how they were used
Many thought this would cause WWI to end quickly

11. How could a dog be used in war?

12. What would be good/bad about fighting from a trench?
Trench Warfare
Fighting style used in the western battles. Soldiers fought from two ditches that stretched from the English Channel to Switzerland
This slowed the war down and cost lots of money
Trench foot, a serious infection, negatively impacted troops
What would be good/bad about fighting from a trench?

15. Western Front: Trench Warfare, French and British vs Germans
Battle Fronts
3 main areas of fighting
Western Front: Trench Warfare, French and British vs Germans
stalemate
Eastern Front: Germany and Russia fighting. Some countries trying to break from imperial rule joined
(Serbia vs Germany, Bulgaria vs Russia)
Italian Front: Italy and France vs Germany and Austria- Hungary

17. 7-4.1 Propaganda & US Involvement
Propaganda played an important role in WWI
Propaganda: information used to promote a certain point of view
Served multiple roles in WWI
Recruit men as soldiers
Encourage citizens that their country should join/avoid WWI
Defame the character of the enemy

20. U.S. Enters WWI
Read pg 186 and answer each question with complete sentences
Which president felt we should stay out of the war?
What is a U-boat?
How many people died on the Lusitania?
Who did Arthur Zimmermann send a message to?
What year did Congress declare war?

21. US was neutral when WWI started (long time friends with Britain)
Trade with the allies were limited by Germany
Americans didn’t like how brutal Germany was with U-boats
1915 Germany sunk the Lusitania
passenger ship with Americans on board
Germany promised to restrict U-boat warfare

22. Zimmerman Telegram January 1917: German message sent to Mexico
Promised Mexico land if they would attack the US
Spring of 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare-> US merchant ships were attacked
Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany, April 1917

23. USS Maine Lusitania

24. Changes in Russia
Before WWI there were; high taxes, poor working conditions, and unequal political rights
Many were bitter about WWI losses
Czar Nicholas II was authoritarian and unable to keep the people happy

25. March 1917 the working class led the Bolshevik Revolution
The Czar and his family was executed
Vladimir Lenin took control of Russia and made peace with Germany to leave WWI in March 1918
Russia practices communism and becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) aka: Soviet Union

26. 7-4.1 WWI Comes to An End Germany Surrenders
Despite Germany’s blockade of Britain and Russia's withdrawal from the war the Central Powers suffered many losses
American troops were able to deflect German troops on the western front
November 11, 1918 Germany signed cease fire and fighting ended
The Central Powers were defeated and peace agreements would be negotiated

27. WWI Timeline: Place the following events in the correct order
Germany signs a cease-fire agreement with the Allied Powers
The United States joins the Allied Powers
Bolsheviks take over Russia and execute Czar Nicholas II
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated
Lusitania is sunk by German U-boats

28. Effects of WWI Vocab find the definition for each term
Armistice
Big Four
Compromise
Fourteen Points
Reparation
League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
Mandate
Balfour Declaration

29. 7-4.2 Wilson’s 14 Points
After the war a meeting was held in Paris by Allied leaders
Woodrow Wilson hoped to fix the problems and undo the MAIN causes of the war
He presented his ideas in The 14 Points
No military buildups
No secret alliances
Right to self-determination
League of Nations (group to prevent war)

30. Treaty of Versailles Treaty was signed in June 1919
European victors wanted to weaken Germany
Main Points of the Treaty:
Punish Germany!!!
“War Guilt Clause”, Germany accept responsibility for starting the war
Germany had to pay reparations
German Military Restrictions: no air force/submarines, limited to 100,000 soldiers
Germany lost territory
Demilitarization of the Rhineland

32. Problems with the Treaty
Harsh punishments cause economic and political problems in Germany
Since some countries (like Russia) weren’t at the meetings the winners didn’t act as a strong group
Will not be able to prevent future wars

33. 14 Points Treaty of Versailles

34. 7-4.2 League of Nations
The League was supposed to work towards world peace
It did not work—weak and unstructured
Not all major powers were members
US chose not to join
Germany and Russia weren’t allowed to join for over 7 years
Japan and Italy dropped out after a few years

35. Why didn’t the League work?
No authority with nations that weren’t members
Could wage war, but had to get volunteer troops
Needed unanimous consent for decisions (everyone agrees)

36. 7-4.2 Boundary Changes after WWI
To further weaken Central Power countries many of them lost land in the treaties following the war
Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were split up into new countries
Germany lost many territories (including any overseas)
Poland was created as a new country between Germany and Russia
Russia lost territory in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk they made with Germany in 1917
The Soviets will get some of this land back but not much