1. Reasons for Colonization
Would you go?
WHY???
WHY NOT???

2. England and Spain Go to War
Reformation
Mercantilism
Spanish Armada

3. 1. Protestant Reformation
In Europe, Protestant churches began to break from the Catholic Church
Remember Martin Luther? 95 Theses

4. The English Protestant Reformation
In England, King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church creating the Anglican Church
Eventually, “Puritans” in England would want to reform the church more and would move to America
What is a Puritan? Group that wanted to eliminate all traces of the Catholic Church from England
England became Protestant and Spain remained Catholic

5. 2. Mercantilism
Mercantilism- idea that a country’s power came from having gold and silver (wealth)
Countries needed to sell more (exports) to other countries than they bought (imports), funneling money into a country
Countries wanted to be self-sufficient
Countries formed colonies around the world to get resources

6. Mercantilism Spain and England competed for gold & silver
England sought to form colonies in North America to compete with Spain

7. Fall of the Spanish Armada
Spain and England to go to war in the 1580s.
In 1588, England destroyed the Spanish Armada (naval fleet)
Consequences:
Spain could no longer use its military to keep England from creating colonies the “New World”
England began to colonize in America

8. Three major factors led the English to colonize in America:
Rivalry with Spain- England saw Spain gaining wealth, land, and Catholic influence and wanted to compete
Religious- Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers left England to escape religious persecution from the Anglican Church
Economic- many people left England in search of economic opportunity

9. Political, Social & Economic

10. Early English Attempts to Settle
Early attempts to colonize before the fall of the Spanish Armada failed
Sir Walter Raleigh brought settlers to America twice, founding the colony of Virginia
Both settlements failed, with the second colony mysteriously disappearing (the “Lost Colony”)

11. The Southern (Chesapeake) Colonies
Joint-stock company- like a modern day corporation, investors pooled their money together to pay for large projects
Virginia Company- got permission from King James I to settle in Virginia
In the charter (permission), members of the Virginia company were promised the rights of Englishmen
Why important? The American Revolution happened partially because colonists felt the English government ignored their rights

12. Jamestown
Jamestown- formed in 1607, first permanent English settlement in America
First leader- Captain John Smith
Early troubles- Many colonists focused on finding gold instead of hunting or growing food
Why? To make money for the Virginia Company
Powhatan Confederacy- Smith traded for food with these neighboring Indians to survive and had a good relationship

13. Why did the Jamestown colonists and the Powhatan Indians get along well at first?

14. Crisis Hits Jamestown
Jamestown Growth- Over 400 settlers arrived within the next two years
The “Starving Time”- Food production could not keep up with settlement
Settlers stole food from the Powhatan natives, who responded by cutting off trade and attacking settlers
Winter Food shortages led to eating dogs, rats, and human corpses

15. Jamestown Saved
Money troubles- Virginia needed to make money to survive, but had not found gold
John Rolfe- developed a breed of tobacco, saving Virginia
House of Burgesses- In 1619,Virginia created the House of Burgesses, the first representative government in America
Labor shortages- Virginia needed labor to work the booming tobacco fields

16. Settlement and Labor
Headright system- to encourage settlement, Virginia Company gave 50 acres of land for every servant a colonist brought
Indentured servants- servants who agreed to work 4-7 years for someone in exchange for transportation to America
Africans- in 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Virginia

17. Triangular Trade
The Middle Passage

18. Thinking Like a Historian
How did people experience the Middle Passage?
Olaudah Equiano’s first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756.
SHEG primary source analysis

20. Trouble with Native Americans
Powhatan attacked Jamestown
The English government blamed Virginia Company and took away its charter
Royal colony- Virginia became a royal colony, meaning it was run by a governor appointed by the king

21. Maryland Settled
Proprietary colony- a colony owned by an individual, not run by the English government
Maryland- Maryland (1632) was settled as a proprietary by Lord Baltimore to be a safe refuge for Catholics

22. Maryland
Religion in Maryland- though Catholics were in charge, they were still outnumbered by Protestants
Toleration Act in to keep tension down, this act allowed any kind of Christianity but outlawed other religions
Tobacco- Maryland, like Virginia, started making money by growing tobacco

23.
America the story of Us Jamestown & Plymouth 17 mins