1. Unit 6 (Energy Budget and Insolation) Extension-
Climate Change:
Long and Short-Term
Natural and Un-natural causes

2. Natural: Long Term Changes
Ice Ages

3. Pleistocene Advance and Retreat pg. 112 figure 6-10

4. Glacial Retreat and Sea Level

5. Causes for periodic ice ages
1.) Changes in Earth’s Axial Tilt (A DECREASE in tilt) 2.) Changes in our orbits eccentricity (every 90,000 to 100,000 years)- (here a decrease) 3.)Decrease in sunspot activity (below)-Maunder Minimum resulted in the last “mini-ice age” during the late 1600’s

6. Every 40,000 tilt changes

7. Global Cooling-Short Term (could also be long term if prolonged) 4
Global Cooling-Short Term (could also be long term if prolonged) 4.) Major Volcanic Eruptions

10. Short Term Natural Warming: El Nino-warming of pacific waters

11. La Nina- Cooling of Pacific Waters Dry conditions in the south + warm Wet conditions in the North + cool!

12. Natural Global Warming (Long Term)
1.) Plate Tectonics-The continents were not always where they are today

13. 2. ) Changes in Earth’s Tilt (an increase in tilt) 3
2.) Changes in Earth’s Tilt (an increase in tilt) 3.)Changes in orbit- increased eccentricity of Earth’s orbit –results in 20-30% more energy absorbed during perihelion (winter)

14. Short term warming: Increase in sunspot activity (11 yr. cycle)

15. Current Climate Change Increased warming due to ↑presence of greenhouse gases

16. Increased air temperature results in higher frequency and intensity of storms!

17. Deforestation and Urbanization result in increased temperatures

18. Deforestationdesertification

19. Urbanization