1. Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences SBS200 - Lecture Section 001, Fall 2017 Room 150 Harvill Building 10: :50 Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays.
Welcome

2. Lecturer’s desk Projection Booth Screen Screen Harvill 150 renumbered
Row A 15 14
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3 2 1
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Row F
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Row G
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Row J 41 29
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Row K
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Harvill 150
renumbered
table 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Projection Booth
Left handed desk

3. writing assignment forms notebook and clickers to each lecture
Remember bring your
writing assignment forms
notebook and clickers to each lecture

5. Lab sessions No Labs this week Everyone will want to be enrolled
in one of the lab sessions
No Labs
this week

6. “Serious Gamer” Score “Serious Gamer” Score “Serious Gamer” Score Time
One positive
correlation
One negative
correlation
Comparing
Two means
“Serious Gamer” Score
“Serious Gamer” Score
“Serious Gamer” Score
Time
Studying
Age
Gender

10. You are looking to see if “class standing” affects
Homework review
You are looking to see if “class standing” affects
the “level of sales”.
Class standing
Independent variable (IV):______________
Number of levels of IV: ________________ (how many means?)
Quasi or True experiment:______________
Dependent variable: __________________
Between or within participant design: ______________
In this study, what is the operational definition of “class standing”?
In this study, what is the operational definition of “level of sales”? 4
Quasi
Level of sales
Between
Classification based on units earned
Number of bags of peanuts sold

11. You are looking to see whether “type of program”
Homework review
You are looking to see whether “type of program”
has an effect on “body transformation”.
Please identify the following variables:
Independent variable (IV):______________
Number of levels of IV: _______________ (how many means?)
Quasi or True experiment:______________
Dependent variable: __________________
Between or within participant design: ______________
What is the operational definition of “type of program”?
What is the operational definition of “body transformation”?  
Type of program 2
True
Body transformation
Between
Type of program = type of diet (regular versus programmatic diet)
Body transformation = number of pounds lost

12. You are looking to see which driving choice is most
Homework review
You are looking to see which driving choice is most
efficient. So you ask each driver to drive each of the
three routes and time themselves on how long it takes.
Please identify the following variables:
Independent variable (IV):______________ (how many means)
Number of levels of IV: ________________
Dependent variable: __________________
Between or within participant design: ______________
What is the operational definition of “driving efficiency”?
What is the operational definition of “driving choice”?
Type of route 3
driving efficiency
Within
Driving efficiency = travel time (measured in minutes)
Driving choice = route taken

13. Homework review

14. Notice that the operational definition of each construct matters
Homework review
Notice that the operational definition of each construct matters

15. Homework review
gender 2
quasi
salary
between
nominal
ratio

16. Name of City 3
Quasi- experiment
Temperature
Between
Nominal
Interval

17. Must be complete and must be stapled
Homework review
city 3
quasi
temperature
between
nominal
interval
Must be complete and must be stapled
Hand in your homework

18. Random sampling vs Random assignment
Already have participants
Random assignment of participants into groups:
Any subject had an equal chance of getting assigned to
either condition (related to quasi versus true experiment)
Random sampling of participants into experiment:
Each person in the population has an equal chance
of being selected to be in the sample
Recruiting
participants
Population: The entire group of people about whom a researcher wants to learn
Sample: The subgroup of people who actually participate in a research study

19. Simple random sampling: each person from the
population has an equal probability of being included
Sample frame = how you define population
Let’s take a sample
…a random sample
Question: Average weight of U of A football player
Sample frame population of the U of A football team
Random number table – List of random numbers
Pick 24th name on the list
Or, you can use excel to provide number for random sample
=RANDBETWEEN(1,121)
Pick 64th name on the list (64 is just an example here) 64
2017

20. Systematic random sampling: A probability sampling
technique that involves selecting every
kth person from a sampling frame
You pick the number
Other examples of systematic random sampling
1) Check every 2000th light bulb
2) Survey every 10th voter
3) Sample every 100th shipping crate

21. Stratified sampling: sampling technique that involves
dividing a sample into subgroups (or strata) and then
selecting samples from each of these groups
- sampling technique can maintain ratios for the different groups
Average number of speeding tickets
12% of sample is from California
7% of sample is from Texas
6% of sample is from Florida
6% from New York
4% from Illinois
4% from Ohio
4% from Pennsylvania
3% from Michigan
etc
Average cost for text books for a semester
17.7% of sample are Pre-business majors
4.6% of sample are Psychology majors
2.8% of sample are Biology majors
2.4% of sample are Architecture majors
etc

22. Cluster sampling: sampling technique divides a population
sample into subgroups (or clusters) by region or physical space.
Can either measure everyone or select samples for each cluster
Textbook prices
Southwest schools
Midwest schools
Northwest schools
etc
Average student income, survey by
Old main area
Near McClelland
Around Main Gate
etc
Patient satisfaction for hospital
7th floor (near maternity ward)
5th floor (near physical rehab)
2nd floor (near trauma center)
etc

23. Non-random sampling is vulnerable to bias
Convenience sampling: sampling technique that involves
sampling people nearby.
A non-random sample and vulnerable to bias
Snowball sampling: a non-random technique in which one or more
members of a population are located and used to lead the researcher
to other members of the population
Used when we don’t have any other way
of finding them - also vulnerable to biases
Judgment sampling: sampling technique that involves
sampling people who an expert says would be useful.
A non-random sample and vulnerable to bias

24. Thank you!
See you next time!!