1. Environmental Orientation
Lecturer: Jorma J. Imppola
Summer School 2015
Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences
Seinäjoki
Finland

2. Lecture Content Background Recycling Logistics ecobalance
IT orientation

3. Background
Environmental concerns dictate the future operational environment of logistics.
More environmentally friendly engines
Increasing limits and regulations motivated by ecological concerns
traffic noise => restrictions, noise walls etc.
traffic pollution => ever stricter emission limits
traffic congestions => toll roads, city tolls

4. Background
Infrastructural limits based on needs for agriculture and population
Is all transportation and travelling necessary?
Is all packing necessary, over-packing?
Need to protect the packed goods/material
Need to protect the environment
Need to inform the customer
Need to market

5. Background Selection of packing materials Metal Glass Plastics
Fibre (paper, cardboard)
Timber
Combined materials
Recycling
Existing infrastructure
Sorting
Costs vs. value

6. The logistic means in the recycling

7. Primary and secondary recycling

8. An example of recycling in the value chain

9. Joining of the recycling to distribution creates two-way distribution.

10. By simplifying the purchasing- and distribution channels recycling is promoted in several ways
The need for packing decreases when the amount of handling decreases. The protective effect of packages against all kinds of handling stresses become needless and the packages can be made lighter and the multi-layer packing can be avoided.
By simplifying …
The handling damage of the goods reduce along the decreasing of the amount of the handling phases so material loss and inaccurate products appear as little as possible.
The utilisation of the two-way material flow in the closed recycling systems becomes possible so the recycling logistics (reverse in its direction) can be directly attached to the distribution logistics.

11. Logistics ecobalance
The ecobalance is the energy consumption and air, water and other emissions caused by a product during its whole life cycle.
The ecobalance can be utilised in theory when comparing the environmental effects of different products.
The making of the ecobalance is difficult because the magnitude of variables which all must have correct values because the ecobalance made with general values never matches with the reality.
Also the prioritisation of the judgement criteria is a problem; it is impossible to say which emission is more (or less) dangerous than the other.
The most important task of present ecobalances is to show the weakest part of the product's life cycle.

13. IT orientation
Information Technology has already changed and will change the logistics drastically:
transportation route planning
inventory and production control
elimination of barriers between company functions and companies
New applications combining both wireless communication and global positioning services open totally new possibilities:
telematics
RFID
e-commerce, e-service, e-money…
Information can be transported faster, easier and cheaper than materials.

14. Thanks for your attention