1. Video
AGE OF EXPLORATION
CONQUEST IN AMERICA

2. COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS
CONQUISTADOR: Spanish conqueror
After Columbus & Magellan…
Hernan Cortes (Spain) - conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”

3. HERNAN CORTES vs Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma
Video 
Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma
Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods”
Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease)
Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City

4. AZTEC EMPIRE

5. FRANCISCO PIZARRO vs
Bio. Video 
Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523
Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver; silver became a HUGE commodity!
Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile
Video 

6. REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES
Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor
Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas had many tribal enemies
Oppression/abuse of Native Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming)
Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs

8. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS?
90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases:
Smallpox
Measles
Influenza
Many converted to Christianity by force
Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal
 Optional
Video

9. Treaty of tordesillas
Agreement between Spain & Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI
LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World”
Portugal gets everything EAST of the line (Brazil & East Indies)
Spain gets everything WEST of the line (Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America)

10. GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!

11. SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES
Can only import/export with Spain
MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country has
ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain:
Peninsulares – born in Spain
Creoles – American-born descendents of Spanish settlers
Mestizos – Native & Spanish descent
Mulattoes – Spanish & African descent
Native Americans
African slaves

13. PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (Brazil)
Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal
Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising
5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves

14. VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS
In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an authentic feel!

15. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Great exchange of new foods, plants, animals, culture, tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World (America)

16. The columbian exchange VIDEO (Crash Course)

17. America before Columbus video
Optional (time permitting), part 3 of (30 minutes)

18. Crash Course Video
The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation (time permitting)