1. Changes to Earth

2. Mountains

3. Volcanoes

4. The mantle is solid but capable of flow (like hot asphalt or fudge)
The mantle is solid but capable of flow (like hot asphalt or fudge). Under special conditions like at hot spots and along plate boundaries the mantle or crust melt to make magma, which then rise to the surface to make a volcanic eruption.

5. Hot spots

6. Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands were formed from Hot Spots

7. Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions.

8. Underwater trench

9. Some changes in the earth’s surface are abrupt, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, while other changes happen very slowly such as uplift and wearing down of mountains.

10. Abrupt Changes
Volcano

11. Gradual Changes

12. Abrupt Changes
Earthquake

13. Gradual Changes

14. Abrupt Changes
Mudslide

15. Abrupt Changes
Volcano

16. Abrupt Changes
Volcano

17. Moving plates cause major changes in a world map over tens of millions of years.

18. Pangaea was the most recent of a succession of supercontinents that have formed and broken up over time.

19. Earthquakes represent sudden breaks in crust continuously stressed by plate movement. Gradually over time, the same movements results in major crustal features.