1. Other Nations Colonize America

2. Early North American Colonies
Henry Hudson – Englishman, sailed for the Dutch
Search for the Northwest Passage – found the Hudson River
Dutch create New Amsterdam – modern day New York
Quebec – First French settlement
Only Catholics could come – few did
Coureurs de Bois (Runners of the Woods) –lucrative fur trade
Required close relationships with natives

3. Arrival of the English
Economy changed with early industry – wool demand for textiles
Landlords pasture fields instead of growing crops
No work for tenant farmers & less food
Poverty and starvation in early cities
Charter Companies – merchants pool money together to purchase charters in new world.
Somewhat independent of the crown

4. Religious Turmoil in England
1517: Martin Luther’s 95 Theses - Reformation begins
English Reformation (1532): less pious, more political
King Henry VIII sought divorce
Created Anglican Church after excommunication
Power struggle between “Bloody Mary” and Queen Elizabeth
Protestantism grows under Elizabeth

5. Puritans vs. Separatists
Puritans: purge Anglican Church from Catholic practices
Separatists: separate from the Church of England and create new Church with more strict doctrine
Technically illegal, heavily persecuted
Ideal group to leave, settle the “New World”

6. English Colonial Roots
Early colonies in Ireland – viewed Gaelic culture as ignorant “savages”
Attempts to socialize the Irish = brutal wars and failure
learned their role as colonizers from experience with Irish.
Plantation Model
English gov’t created plantations of English society and remain separate from natives.

7. First English Colonies in America
Newfoundland - Humphrey Gilbert, friend of Queen Elizabeth
Ship was lost at sea
Lost Colony of Roanoke
organized one year later.
Sir Walter Raleigh, Gilbert’s half brother
settled on a small island off the coast of Virginia
In 1590, John White, returned to England for supplies
War with Spain prolonged trip by 3 years.
returned to abandoned colony – “Croatoan”