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The Harlem Renaissance
US History Chapter 10 Section 2 The Harlem Renaissance
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Main Idea Transformation in the African-American community contributed to a blossoming of black culture centered in Harlem, New York
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Reading Focus What was the Great Migration, and what problems and opportunities faced African-Americans in the Post-WWI era? What was Harlem, and how was it affected by the Great migration? Who were the key figures of the Harlem Renaissance?
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The Great Migration Early 1900s- African-Americans still faced challenges: No jobs Discrimination Widespread poverty North South
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Harlem, NY Located in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan- Since the 1920s, Harlem has been known as a major African-American residential, cultural and business center Migration downfalls: *Racial tensions were high *Job shortages led to conflicts *African-American felt their war service should count K Africans lived in Harlem
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Life in Harlem Became the center for African-American culture and activism Activist W.E.B. Du Bois founded NAACP Marcus Garvey- Founded the UNIA Clashed NAACP- Founded by blacks and whites and wanted to end discrimination and mistreatment of blacks UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association)- promised self-reliance for black race without help from whites
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W.E.B. Du Bois 1909- Founded the NAACP in New York City
Served as the editor of a magazine called “The Crisis” Magazine was a major outlet for African-American writing and poetry The Crisis promoted a Great African-American arts movement in New York in the 1920s…….. Known as….The Harlem Renaissance
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2003 1933
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Marcus Garvey Founder of UNIA Jamaican by birth
Believed blacks should be self-reliant without help from whites Wish for all blacks to return to Africa and create a vast empire UNIA Motto- “BACK TO AFRICA”
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Marcus Garvey
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The Cotton Club Opened in Harlem in the name was supposed to remind people of a stylish southern plantation. While guests were white, the entertainers were African-American. Performers- Jazz stars included Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters, Lena Horne all got their start at the Cotton Club
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Bessie Smith 2:57
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Harlem Artists, Musicians, Writers
Harlem Renaissance Zora Neale Hurston Author- Topics on African folklore including “Their Eyes Were Watching God” James Weldon Johnson Journalist, teacher who wrote poetry and songs (NAACP Member) Langston Hughes Poet who wrote about Black pride and hope Paul Robeson Actor and Singer (Othello) Louis Armstrong Jazz performer Claude McKay Poet “If We Must Die” Bessie Smith Performer and Musician
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Jazz Music Louis Armstrong
Leading performer on the Jazz scene at clubs like the “Cotton Club” “Savoy Ballroom” Jazz Music blended several different music forms from the South into a new style of music Jazz was not limited to just New York but spread to other parts of the nation in the 20s
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Louis Armstrong 4:46
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Great Migration Harlem Renaissance Jazz NAACP Marcus Garvey
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Rare footage of NYC 1920s :58
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1920s crash course
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