1. Scientific Breakthroughs
Lesson 3
Scientific Breakthroughs
宜阳一高英语组 丁月琴

2. Objectives In this lesson the students will be able:
To use reading strategies for identifying accurate information.
To learn about some scientific breakthroughs and the scientists.
To talk about the influences of scientific discoveries.
To know about compound words.

3. Do you know the major discoveries of the scientists in the pictures?
Warm-up
Do you know the major discoveries of the scientists in the pictures?
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4. Pair Work Who are they? What are their discoveries?
How the discoveries came about?
When? Where?

5. Let’s have a quiz about science and scientist.
Good Luck!
Quiz Time

6. Quiz about scientists
1. The Origin of Species was published in The book showed that people had developed from apes instead. Who is the author?
A. Leonardo do Vinci B. Charles Darwin C. Stephen Hawking
2. Who said that ‘Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration’?
A. Albert Einstein B. Madame Curie C. Thomas Edison
3. This mathematician found that the force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object. Who is he?
A. Archimedes B. Zhang Heng C. James Watt
4. Who received two Nobel prizes and she discovered radium In 1898?
A. Gregor Mendel B. Madame Curie C. Isaac Newton

7. Quiz about discoveries
5. Stephen Hawking, British (1942--) He has worked in astronomy and studied ___________ in space.
A. Black holes B. UFO C. Planets
6. Alexander Fleming discovered ________ which can kill bacteria and save the lives of millions.
Hydrogen peroxide (过氧化氢)
B. Anesthetics (麻醉剂)
C. Penicillin (青霉素)
7. Albert Einstein is famous for the theory of relativity and a formula ________ showed that the mass and energy were in fact equivalent
A. G=mg B. E=MC C. W=FS
8.When was the first electric powered elevator made?
A B C. 1880

8. Read to learn Reading strategy 1 →
First reading
Reading strategy 1 →
Get the general idea and read the text fast. Don’t worry about the words that are new to you.
The purpose of this article is _______.
the introduction of Albert Einstein
the introduction of the process of scientific breakthrough
introduction of the major scientific discoveries in the 20th century
the contributions scientists made to the world
The text mainly talks about a few pioneers of science and their discoveries in the 20th century, which makes the world completely different.
summary
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9. Match the pioneers with the deeds (books closed)
1. He was a son of a Scottish shepherd. Although his discovery is important, he remained modest and said “Nature made penicillin.” B
2. He proved that the universe is actually expanding, and that further away galaxies are, the faster they move. C
3. He showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant. A
4. During the 2nd world war, the US Navy turned to them to produce a machine. They didn’t finish until after the war, in February 1946. D
A. Elbert Einstein
B. Alexander Fleming
C. Edwin Hubble
D. Eckert and Mauchly
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10. Time Name Discovery How to discover Influence
Reading strategy 2: Get specific information
Second
reading
Time
Name
Discovery
How to discover
Influence
1905
First World War
1929
1946
Not mentioned
_____ with 120 patents
Change understanding of universe
Sudden thought
Albert Einstein
other galaxies (nebulae)
high-power telescope
proved the universe larger
Edwin Hubble
save millions of lives
penicillin
Alexander Fleming
by accident
the first computer
hard work
Eckert & Mauchly
Percy Spencer
by chance
Prepare meals in minutes
microwave oven

11. Third reading
Reading strategy 3: To decide if there is no information, make sure that the answer (true/false) cannot be inferred from the text. Also you base your decision only on the information in the text.
Pair Work
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12. Are these statements true (T) of false (F) according to the text or is there no information (NI)? Use the strategies to help you. F
1. Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation “e=mc2 ” .
2. Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.
3. Hubble studied the universe for over twenty years.
4. Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was.
5. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.
6. The first computer was extremely difficult to program.
rock baby NI NI T F NI

13. Reading strategy 4: identify important words
Fill in the blanks
1. One of the 20th century’s p_____ scientists was Einstein who was i____ to d____ E=mc2 which showed how an u_____ amount of energy was produced.
2. Scientists f____ ___ how to split the atom and changed the way we c______ from writing letters to ing.
3. The o____ of penicillin is a_____, which helped to c____ people.
4. It is a real d_____ on your hands to choose the most important discovery of the 20th century. Scientific b_____ improve the quality of human life on earth.
Key: 1. premier, inspired, discover, unbelievable 2. figured out, correspond
3. outcome, amazing, cure 4. dilemma, breakthroughs
Can you find some words in the text that express the same ideas? For example, discover and figure out.

14. Find words in the text with the following meanings:
1. to give something e.g. money, to a person or an organization in order to help them
2. a part of the body, such as heart or lungs
3. to divide something into separate parts
4. compare two things that are happening at the same time
5. expressing your opinions honestly
6. one of the large groups of stars that make up the universe
7. to make someone who is ill well again
8.a type of oven that cooks food very quickly
donate
organ
split
meanwhile
outspoken
galaxy
cure
microwave

15. Retell the text
Optional Task
E=mc2 ,theory of relativity telescope, galaxy, Penicillin, bacteria, machine, missile, energy, microwave
Inspire, explore, discover, notice, realize, destroy, save, cure, measure, dedicate, affect, breakthrough
world-famous, outspoken, unbelievable, far-reaching, mass-produced, first, huge, grateful

16. Tell the stories of the scientists with the words given.
Penicillin, bacteria, notice, kill, save, modest
telescope, galaxy, world-famous, mist, universe
E=mc2,premier,theory of relativity, inspire, rock baby, mass, outspoken, unbelievable
Oven meal radar chocolate
Accuracy of missiles, first computer,measure,energy

17. Tips
Interview
Imagine that you are a reporter who wants to interview a great scientist about his or her inventions/discoveries and future plan. Make up a dialogue and act it out.

18. Homework Writing Task: Your Favorite Scientist
What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist?
Why do you like him or her?
What are his or her achievements?