1. The Urinary System

2. I. Components & Function of the U.S.
Components - two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, & urethra

3. I. Components & Function of the U.S.
B. Uriniferous Tubule
basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
each tubule is composed of a nephron and a system of collecting ducts

4. C. Kidney Functions excretion of waste products of metabolism
elimination of foreign substances and their breakdown products
regulation of total body water
maintenance of extracellular fluid volume
regulation of various salts to be retained or excreted by the body, renin, is involved
control of acid-base balance
production of the hormone, erythropoietin (for RBC production)

5. D. Formation of Urine
filtration - ultrafiltrate of plasma, approx. 180 liters filtered/day, 1-2 liters urine/day
secretion - additional substances added to filtrate
reabsorption - intratubular filtrate returns across tubular cells back into renal interstitium

6. II. Macroscopic Anatomy
Renal Hilus
Renal Sinus
Renal Pelvis
Cortex
Medulla
Renal Lobe
Renal Lobule

7. C. Renal Pelvis
major calyxes
minor calyxes

8. D. Cortex
renal corpuscles & tubules
renal columns
medullary rays

9. E. Medulla

10. E. Renal Medulla

11. F. Renal Lobe

12. G. Renal Lobule

13. G. Renal Lobule

14. III. The Nephron

15. A. Renal Corpuscle in cortex
glomerulus, mesangial cells & Bowman's capsule
parietal layer
visceral layer
Bowman's space
vascular pole
urinary pole

16. A. Renal Corpuscle
parietal layer
visceral layer

17. A. Renal Corpuscle in cortex
glomerulus, mesangial cells & Bowman's capsule
parietal layer
visceral layer
Bowman's space
vascular pole
urinary pole

18. B. Glomerulus Podocytes visceral layer processes & pedicles
pedicles interdigitate
filtration slits

19. 1. Podocytes

20. B. Glomerulus Basal lamina 3. Endothelium Filtration barrier
between podocytes & endothelium
three zones
lamina rara interna
lamina rara externa
lamina densa
3. Endothelium
fenestrated
diaphragms
Filtration barrier
components
water & ions
proteins & charge

21. B. Glomerulus 5. Mesangium interstitial spaces cells & matrix
phagocytosis

22. III. The Nephron

23. C. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
largest & longest tubule
simple cuboidal epi
abundant mitochondria
zonule occludens juncts & lateral interdigitations
reduces volume of glomerular filtrate

24. C. Proximal Convoluted Tubule

25. C. Proximal Convoluted Tubule

26. D. Straight Proximal Tubule

27. E. Thin Limb within the medullary pyramid hairpin loop
simple squamous epithelium
concentrating urine

28. E. Thin Limb within the medullary pyramid hairpin loop
simple squamous epithelium
concentrating urine

29. F. Straight Distal Tubule
in the medullary ray
part of loop of Henle
simple cuboidal epi
microvilli
transport ions

30. G. Distal Convoluted Tubule
begins at the macula densa
similar to straight portion
actively transport sodium

31. H. Macula Densa in distal tubule part of juxtaglomerular apparatus
“dense spot”
cells monitor fluid

32. H. Macula Densa

33. I. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
at the vascular pole
modified smooth muscle cells, the macula densa, & mesangial cells
decrease in extracellular fluid volume

34. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

35. IV. Intrarenal Collecting Ducts
in cortex & medullary ray
simple cuboidal epi
respond to ADH

36. B. Papillary Ducts (of Bellini)
medullary pyramid
simple columnar epi
empty into minor calyxes
area cribrosa
respond to ADH
concentrated urine

37. B. Papillary Ducts (of Bellini)

38. 4. Area Cribosa

39. V. Blood Supply of Kidney
Renal Artery
Interlobar Arteries
Interlobular Arteries
Efferent Arterioles
Vasa Rectae

40. V. Blood Supply of Kidney
Renal Artery
Interlobar Arteries
Interlobular Arteries
Efferent Arterioles
Vasa Rectae

41. V. Blood Supply of Kidney
Interlobular Arteries
Efferent Arterioles

42. E. Vasa Rectae

43. VI. Extrarenal Passages
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder

44. A. Renal Pelvis

45. A. Renal Pelvis

46. VI. Extrarenal Passages
B. Ureter
between renal pelvis & bladder
transitional epi
smooth muscle
peristaltic waves

47. VI. Extrarenal Passages
B. Ureter
between renal pelvis & bladder
transitional epi
smooth muscle
peristaltic waves

48. VI. Extrarenal Passages
Urinary Bladder
thick transitional epithelium
epi can change its morphology
thin basement membrane & loose FECT
thick smooth muscle & layered

49. C. Urinary Bladder

50. C. Urinary Bladder