1. Rebuilding the Union 18-1
Mrs. Enright

2. Presidential Reconstruction

3. Reconstruction Under Lincoln
After the war, the nation began Reconstruction ( )
Lincoln promised to reunify the nation in his Second Inaugural Address (1865)
Congress established the Freedman’s Bureau, an agency to help assist former slaves
Set up schools and hospitals along with distributing food, clothes, and fuel

4. Reconstruction Under Johnson
When Lincoln was killed, Andrew Johnson became president
Believed that the Reconstruction was the job of the President, not Congress
He insisted that states followed the Thirteen Amendment, which banned slavery
He offered amnesty to most white southerners
Eventually, almost everyone gained amnesty

5. Johnson’s Failure
Southern states rebuilt themselves when Congress wasn’t in session
Some states refused to follow the Thirteenth Amendment
Johnson’s main plan was to have the South follow the Reconstruction and for them to become Union states
He never did meet the needs of slaves
Southern states passed laws, known as black codes, that limited freedom of enslaved people
North suspected that the South was bringing back the “old South”

6. Congressional Reconstruction

7. Congress States Its Intentions
Refused to let in Southern Representatives
Set up a committee to observe the South
Republicans outnumbered Democrats in both houses
Radical Republicans, a group of congressmen using federal power to promote citizenship for freed African Americans, wanted the government to play an active role in remaking Southern politics

8. Civil Rights for African Americans
Congress passed a bill encouraging civil rights
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 confirmed that all people born in the US were citizens, except for Native Americans
Republicans were shocked, Johnson vetoed the bill
They wanted equality to be protected by the Constitution, so they proposed the Fourteenth Amendment
It stated that all people born or naturalized in the US had the same rights

9. Radical Reconstruction
Johnson refused to support this Amendment
So did every other former Confederate state except Tennessee
The two groups collaborated and passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867
Before Southern states joined the Union they must:
Approve new state constitutions that gave the vote to all adult men, even African Americans
Ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

10. The Impact of Reconstruction

11. Constitutional Delegates
Many Republicans were poor farmers, and Democrats called them scalawags
Carpetbaggers were the people who originated from the North but moved to the South after the war
African Americans made up the last group of delegates, most of them teachers or skilled workers

12. New Southern Governments
The new constitutions gave the vote to all adult males
By 1870, all Southern states had their new constitutions
Union let the states come into Congress
During Reconstruction, almost 700 former slaves served state legislatures, while 16 served as US Congressmen

13. Johnson Is Impeached
Johnson’s conflicts with Congress eventually led up to a showdown
Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in 1867, prohibiting the president to fire government personnel without Senate approval
In 1868, Johnson fired his Secretary of War
The House impeached the president, and the case moved to Senate