1. Performance Based Navigation: Navigation Specifications
John McGraw
Manager, Flight Technologies and Procedures Division
Flight Standards Service
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration

2. RNAV and RNP Navigation Specifications
Navigation Specifications address aircraft and operational issues
Grouped into two volumes:
RNAV Navigation Specifications
Do not require performance monitoring and alerting
RNP Navigation Specifications

3. PBN Scope Incorporate existing operations as practical
RNP-10 classified as RNAV
RNP-4 adds performance monitoring requirement
B-RNAV renamed as RNAV-5
Basic GNSS approaches renamed RNP APCH
Additional guidance on barometric VNAV
Harmonize European and US RNAV
RNAV-1 and RNAV-2
Terminal arrival/departure for non-radar
Basic RNP-1
Advanced instrument approaches
RNP AR APCH

4. Overview by Flight Phase
PBN Manual includes airworthiness, operational and training guidance
NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION
FLIGHT PHASE
En Route Oceanic / Remote
En Route Continental
ARR
APPROACH
DEP
Initial
Intermed
Final
Missed
RNAV 10
(RNP 10) 10
RNAV 5 5
RNAV 2 2
RNAV 1 1 1b
Basic-RNP 1
1a,c 1a
1a,b
RNP APCH
0.3
RNP AR APCH
Notes: The numbers given in the table refer to the 95% accuracy requirements (NM)
RNP 2 and Advanced-RNP 1 are expected to be included in a future revision of the PBN Manual;
1a means that the navigation application is limited to use on STARs and SIDs only;
1b means that the area of application can only be used after the initial climb of a missed approach phase
1c means that beyond 30 NM from the airport reference point (ARP), the accuracy value for alerting becomes 2 NM

5. DME/DME RNAV Japan

6. P-RNAV – Night RNAV routes into Schiphol
RNAV transitions during night
•First part provides lateral guidance from IAF to start of CDA, altitudes and speeds by ATC
•If necessary radar vectoring by ATC to build sequence before start of CDA
•Second part is CDA with pre-defined lateral path from at least 4000 ft, no ATC intervention
•Procedure mandatory for RNAV equipped jets during night
•Non RNAV aircraft will receive radar vectors

7. RNP (AR) APCH Palm Springs, California

8. Approval Guidelines Aircraft Eligibility Operational Approval
Can be based on Aircraft Flight Manual or supplemental information
Operational Approval
Operating procedures
Flight crew training
Control of navigation database process, where required
Approval obtained in accordance with State operating rules

9. Aircraft Requirements
Performance Requirements
Accuracy, Integrity, Continuity, GNSS signal-in-space
Performance monitoring and alerting
Only applicable for RNP systems
Criteria for Specific Navigation Services
Defines allowable systems and required performance
Functional requirements
Just as important as performance
Navigation database requirements

10. Criteria for Specific Navigation Services
GNSS
IRU
D/D
D/D/IRU
D/VOR
RNP-10 
RNAV-5
RNAV-1
RNP-4
RNP-1
RNP APCH
RNP AR APCH

11. Operating Procedures and Training
Pre-flight planning
In-flight procedures
Performance expectations (deviation from path)
Pilot has critical role in performance monitoring
Contingency procedures
Training
Lists training tasks considered important, which may already be part of operator’s training program
System-specific information on how navigation system functions is vital to success

12. Navigation Service Provider Responsibilities
Navigation infrastructure
DME geometry with respect to route
Communication and surveillance
Radar required or not?
Obstacle clearance and route spacing; Publication
Controller
Not meant to impose new requirements
Status monitoring
ATS System monitoring

13. Conclusion
Navigation Specification provides implementation guidance for PBN operations
Focus of navigation specification is on aircraft and operator
Other aspects covered in appropriate ICAO document (for example, PANS-OPS)
New Navigation Specifications will be developed as appropriate
For example, Advanced RNP-1

14. Thank you