1. INTERPLANETARY INTERNETBY
SUYAMINDRA SIMHA. V
VIII SEM

2. CONTENTS Introduction Some Fast Facts Objectives Challenges
IPN
CONTENTS
Introduction
Some Fast Facts
Objectives
Challenges
Architecture of IPN
Working of Terrestrial Internet
Working of IPN
Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication
Bundling Protocol
Applications
Conclusion
SLNCE

3. Introduction
IPN is a conceived computer network in space, consisting of a set of network nodes which can communicate with each other.
IPN is a technical name for ”anywhere and everywhere internet”.
It is next to IPv6,IPTV,voice over IP, mobile IP and IP next generation(IPng).
It aims to provide Internet-like services over the entire solar system.

4. Some Fast Facts Time taken by light Earth – Jupiter : 32.7 min
IPN
Some Fast Facts
Time taken by light
Earth – Jupiter : 32.7 min
Earth – Saturn : 76.7 min
Earth – Pluto : 5.5 hours
Earth – Voyager1 : 13 hours
Earth – Voyager2 : 10.4 hours.
SLNCE

5. Objectives Time-Insensitive Scientific data delivery
Time-Sensitive scientific data delivery
Mission Status Telemetry
Command and Control

6. Challenges Extremely long propagation delay
Asymmetrical forward and reverse Link
capacities
High link error rates for radio-frequency (RF) communication channels
Intermittent link connectivity
Lack of fixed communication infrastructure

7. Challenges(contd..) Effects of planetary distances on the signal
strength and the protocol design
Power, mass, size, and cost constraints for
communication hardware and protocol design
Backward compatibility requirement due to high cost involved in deployment and launching processes.

8. ARCHITECTURE OF IPN

9. Architecture of IPN

10. Architecture InterPlanetary Backbone Network
Communication among Earth, outer-space planets, moons, satellites, relay stations, etc.
InterPlanetary External Network
Space crafts flying in groups in deep space between planets, clusters of sensor nodes, and groups of space stations.

11. Architecture(contd..) Planetary Network Planetary Satellite Network
Satellites circling the planets provides relay services, communication & navigation services to surface elements. Includes links between orbiting satellites & links between satellite and surface elements.
Planetary Surface Network
Links between high power surface elements (rovers, landers, etc). Surface elements that cannot directly talk to satellites, organized in an ad hoc manner.

12. WORKING OF TERRESTRIAL INTERNET

13. What is Internet? The largest network of networks in the world.
Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .
Runs on any communications substrate.
From Dr. Vinton Cerf,
Co-Creator of TCP/IP

14. Working of Internet Network IP Transport TCP Network IP Transport TCP
App
Network IP
Transport
TCP
Network IP
Transport
TCP
Network IP
Network IP
Phys 1
Link 1
Link 1
Phys 1
Phys 2
Link 2
Phys 2
Link 2
Phys 3
Link 3
Phys 3
Link 3
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 3

15. WORKING OF IPN

16. Working of IPN
IPN is considered to consist of a “network of Internets ” with a specialized deep space backbone network of long-haul wireless links interconnecting these local Internets.
In IPN, packets need to be transferred from end to end through disconnected multiple regions that tolerate variable delay.
A protocol of IPN will take care of these requirements by the concept of “bundling protocol suite.”

17. Working of IPN(contd..)
The delay tolerant IPN network will provide an always-on connection between planets, spacecrafts and the terrestrial Internet.
The store-and-forward technique of IPN will help to minimize problems that crop up due to the vast distances involved, such as high error rates and latency periods that are minutes or even hours long.

18. Working of IPN Bundle Bundle Bundle Transport a Transport a
App
Internet a
Internet b
Bundle
Bundle
Bundle
Phys 1
Transport a
Network a
Link 1
Phys 2
Link 2
Network a
Transport a
Phys 3
Link 3
Network b
Transport b
Phys 3
Link 3
Network b
Transport b
Link 1
Phys 1
Phys 2
Link 2
Network a
Network of internets spanning dissimilar environments

19. Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication
parameters
Wired terrestrial
Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/
Wireless
IPN/Celestial/
Power availability
Not critical
Important
Very crucial
SNR
Within acceptable range
Low
Very low
Error rate
Medium
High
Infrastructure
Defined/fixed
Deployable

20. Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication(contd..)
parameters
Wired terrestrial
Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/
Wireless
IPN/Celestial/
Medium
Copper/fiber
RF/IR
Primarily free space, RF
Delay in seconds
<1
10 to seconds
Deployment cost
Low
Very high
Operational cost

21. Bundling Protocol
The IPN architecture will be based on an overlay protocol called “bundling” that handles the complex environment of celestial communication.
It puts together a set of heterogeneous internets.
Bundles are arbitrarily long messages designed for end-to-end delivery between IPN nodes over distinct or identical transport layers.

22. Bundling Protocol(contd..)
Bundles may be fragmented and reassembled at the destination. These will be routed by a routing function through a concatenated series of Internets, like terrestrial internet protocol.
To achieve guaranteed end-to-end delivery, bundles may be retransmitted as in ARQ protocol in TCP model of terrestrial Internet.

23. Functions of Bundling Protocol
It operates in the message switching mode.
It operates in the custodial mode.
Tackle high error rate of the celestial link, hop-by-hop store-and-forward bundling with per-hop error control mechanism is used.
Identification of the sender and the receiver in the IPN using an addressing scheme having names in two parts.

24. Benefits “Non-chatty” message-oriented communications
 Essential in long delay environments.
Store-and-forward between nodes
 Essential when no contemporaneous end-to-end path exists.
Highly desirable to free resources at less-advantaged “leaf nodes”.
Routing algorithms cognizant of scheduled connectivity
 Essential to accommodate scheduled connectivity.
 Highly desirable to be able to adaptively exploit alternate routes.

25. Benefits(contd..)
Use transport and network technologies appropriate to the environment 
Essential to support combination of IP and non-IP networks.
Essential to be able to support incremental deployment of new technologies.

26. Applications Time-Insensitive Scientific Data Delivery:
Time-Insensitive Scientific Data Delivery:
-Large volume of scientific data to be collected from planets and moons.
Time-Sensitive Scientific Data Delivery:
-Audio and visual information about the local environment to Earth, in-situ controlling robots, or eventually in-situ astronauts.
Mission Status Telemetry:
- Delivery of the status and the health report of the mission, spacecraft, or the landed vehicles to the mission center or other nodes.
Command and Control:
-Closed-loop command and control of the in-situ mission elements.

27. Conclusion
With the increasing pace of space exploration, Earth will distribute large numbers of robotic vehicles, landers, and possibly even humans, to asteroids and other planets in the coming decades.
Possible future missions include lander/rover/orbiter sets, sample return missions, aircraft communicating with orbiters, and outposts of humans or computers remotely operating rovers.