1. Types of Compounds
Ch. 5

2. Al2S3 SF6 Types of Compounds Ionic; Aluminum sulfide
What type are these?
How do you read them?
Molecular Formula
Al2S3
Formula Unit
SF6
Chemical’s exact composition
Smallest whole number ratios
Ionic; Aluminum sulfide
Covalent; Sulfur hexafluoride

3. What’s in a name? Common names vs. Scientific names Common Scientific
Aspirin
Acetylsalicylic acid
Chalk
Calcium carbonate
Table salt
Sodium chloride
Vitamin C
Ascrobic acid
Laughing gas
Dinitrogen monooxide
Glass
Sodium silicate

4. Naming Compounds Ionic: -1st is normal -1st is normal
Binary compounds- made of two different elements
Rules for naming:
Cross oxidation numbers (ion charges)
Write formula so compound as “0” net charge
Follow name rules if ionic or covalent
Covalent:
-1st is normal
-2nd ends in “ide”
-Add prefix to show numbers
Ionic:
-1st is normal
-2nd ends in “ide”

5. Naming Compounds Ternary Compounds- contains 3 different elements
Metal or nonmetal bond to polyatomic ion
An ion made of 2 or more elements, but treated as one unit
Polyatomic ions have specific charges and names
Rules for naming Ionic Ternary Compounds:
Cross oxidation numbers (ion charges)
Write formula so compound as “0” net charge
Do NOT change polyatomic ion names; use as they are

6. “ate” is always greater # O’s “ite” is always lesser # O’s
Sr(NO3)2=
Strontium Nitrate
Sr(NO2)2 =
Strontium Nitrite
“ite” is always lesser # O’s
Potassium Phosphate =
K3PO4
Ammonium Sulfite =
(NH4)2SO3

7. Ternary Covalent Compounds
3 non-metals bounded together
Acids made of polyatomic ions
H+ + X  HX
Rules for naming:
Take polyatomic name and change ending to “ic” or “ous”
“ic” is ending for polyatomic ion with greater # of O’s
“ous” is ending for polyatomic ion with fewer # of O’s
Add “acid”

8. “ous” is always lesser # O’s “ic” is always greater # O’s
H2SO3 =
Sulfurous acid
H2SO4 =
Sulfuric acid
“ic” is always greater # O’s
Nitric acid =
HNO3
Carbonic acid =
H2CO3

9. Transition Metal Ions
Transition metals are capable of making ions with multiple oxidation numbers
Ions have two names:
Stock name: Iron (II) ion = Fe+2
Iron (III) ion = Fe+3
Classical name: Ferrous = Fe+2
Ferric = Fe+3
Lower charged ion ends with “ous”
Higher charged ion ends with “ic”

10. Special Compounds Allotropes
Molecules that an element that differ in crystalline or molecular structure
O2 vs. O3
Many forms of carbon
graphite, diamonds, coal, etc…

11. CaCl2 ∙ 2H2O = Special Compounds Hydrates Rules for naming:
compound with H2O inside its structure
Rules for naming:
Compound ∙ H2O
Compound name + (prefix)hydrate
CuSO4 ∙ 5H2O = Cupper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
CaCl2 ∙ 2H2O =
Calcium chloride dihydrate

12. Special Compounds Anhydrous Desiccant Deliquescence
A hydrate that has its water removed
Desiccant
Compounds that remove water from the air forming hydrates
Shipped with electronics to protect them
Deliquescence
Absorbing so much water vapor a liquid forms