1. 25
Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order

2. Figure A romantic depiction of the 1879 Battle of Isandhlwana in the Natal province of South Africa. The battle demonstrated that, despite their superior firepower, the Europeans could be defeated by well-organized and determined African or Asian resistance forces.
Figure A romantic depiction of the 1879 Battle of Isandhlwana in the Natal province of South Africa. The battle demonstrated that, despite their superior firepower, the Europeans could be defeated by well-organized and determined African or Asian resistance forces.

3. Chapter Overview The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870–1914
Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change

4. TIMELINE 1600 C.E. to 1900 C.E.
TIMELINE 1600 C.E. to 1900 C.E.

5. TIMELINE (continued) 1600 C.E. to 1900 C.E.

6. Map European Colonial Territories, Before and After 1800 As a comparison of the two maps shows, the late 1700s marked a pivotal point of transition in both the contraction of colonial domination, particularly in the Americas and it's expansion in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
Map European Colonial Territories, Before and After 1800 As a comparison of the two maps shows, the late 1700s marked a pivotal point of transition in both the contraction of colonial domination, particularly in the Americas and it's expansion in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.

7. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
Prototype: The Dutch Advance on Java
Dutch
Initially pay tribute to sultans of Mataram
Take part in political rivalry
Intervene in succession wars
By 1750, dominate

8. Map The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java The consolidation of Dutch power on Java, the center of its island Asian empire, accelerated dramatically from the late 17th century.
Map The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java The consolidation of Dutch power on Java, the center of its island Asian empire, accelerated dramatically from the late 17th century.

9. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
Keystone of World Empire: The Rise of British Rule in India
British rely on Indian troops, sepoys
Rivalry with France
British Raj
Battle at Plassey, 1757
Robert Clive

10. Figure Indian soldiers, or sepoys, made up a large portion of the rank-and-file troops in the armies of British India. Commanded by European officers and armed, uniformed, and drilled according to European standards, troops such as those pictured here were recruited from the colonized peoples and became one of the mainstays of all European colonial regimes.
Figure Indian soldiers, or sepoys, made up a large portion of the rank-and-file troops in the armies of British India. Commanded by European officers and armed, uniformed, and drilled according to European standards, troops such as those pictured here were recruited from the colonized peoples and became one of the mainstays of all European colonial regimes.

11. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
The Consolidation of British Rule
Mughal decline gives British opportunity
Presidencies
Capitals: Madras, Bombay, Calcutta
Rest of India indirectly ruled
Princely States

12. Map The Growth of the British Empire in India, from the 1750s to 1858 In roughly a century between the late 1700s and the 1850s, the British had built an empire that encompassed virtually the entire subcontinent of South Asia.
Map The Growth of the British Empire in India, from the 1750s to 1858 In roughly a century between the late 1700s and the 1850s, the British had built an empire that encompassed virtually the entire subcontinent of South Asia.

13. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
Early Colonial Society in India and Java
Asian societies left in place
Europeans a dominant class
Bungalows in Batavia
Escape lethal diseases from canals
Males marry indigenous women

14. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
Social Reform in the Colonies
British forced to take direct control
Nabobs
1770s, famine in Bengal
British East India Company
Accountable to British government
Lord Charles Cornwallis
Indians excluded from administration

15. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia
Social Reform in the Colonies
Evangelical religion
Social reform
End to slave trade
End to sati sought
Ram Mohun Roy
Watershed
Attempt to reshape colonial society

16. Western Education and the Rise of an African and Asian Middle Class
Western education in the colonies
Children of elites
Essential for maintenance of order
British colonies
Gentlemen with sense of morality
French colonies
All modes of culture; dress, etiquette
Similar occupational opportunities
Government service or professionals

17. Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870–1914
Unequal Combat: Colonial Wars and the Apex of European Imperialism
Mass-produced weapons
Machine gun
Railroads, steam ships
Battle of Isandhlwana in 1879
British vs. Zulu armies

18. Figure This striking painting captures the sleek majesty of the warships that were central to British success in building a global empire. Here the Prince of Wales puts ashore British soldiers in Bengal in the northeast of Britain's Indian empire.
Figure This striking painting captures the sleek majesty of the warships that were central to British success in building a global empire. Here the Prince of Wales puts ashore British soldiers in Bengal in the northeast of Britain's Indian empire.

19. Map 25. 4 The Partition of Africa Between c
Map The Partition of Africa Between c and 1914 As reflected in the patchwork that partition made of the continent, no area of the globe saw more intense rivalries between the European powers than Africa in the mid- and especially late-19th century.
Map The Partition of Africa Between c and 1914 As reflected in the patchwork that partition made of the continent, no area of the globe saw more intense rivalries between the European powers than Africa in the mid- and especially late-19th century.

20. Map The Partition of Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 1914 Although a number of industrial powers, including the United States, expanded into the islands of the Pacific over the course of the 19th century, the colonial possessions there were smaller and of less economic value.
Map The Partition of Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 1914 Although a number of industrial powers, including the United States, expanded into the islands of the Pacific over the course of the 19th century, the colonial possessions there were smaller and of less economic value.

21. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
"Tropical dependencies"
Africa, Asia, South Pacific
Europeans rule indigenous peoples
Settlement colonies
"White Dominions"
e.g. Canada, Australia
Inhabitants mostly Europeans

22. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Second type
Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia
Large numbers of Europeans
Large indigenous numbers
Increase over time
Increasing conflict

23. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Colonial Regimes and Social Hierarchies in the Tropical Dependencies
Cultural influence
English language education
Missionaries run schools

24. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized
European communities grow
Increasing segregation
Ideas of white supremacy

25. Figure The importance of co-opting African and Asian rulers and elite social groups for European empire building is vividly illustrated by this 1861 painting of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert presenting a Bible to an African "chief" decked out in what Victorians imagined was "native" dress attire for such a personage.
Figure The importance of co-opting African and Asian rulers and elite social groups for European empire building is vividly illustrated by this 1861 painting of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert presenting a Bible to an African "chief" decked out in what Victorians imagined was "native" dress attire for such a personage.

26. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Shifts in Methods of Economic Extraction
Drive to increase production, lower costs
Many colonies become dependent
Railways, roads built to serve extraction

27. Figure As this political cartoon of a vicious snake with Leopold II's head squeezing the life out of a defenseless African villager illustrates, an international campaign developed in the 1890s in opposition to the brutal forced-labor regime in what had become the Belgian king's personal fiefdom in the Congo after The much-publicized scandal compelled the Belgian government to take over the administration of the colony in 1906.
Figure As this political cartoon of a vicious snake with Leopold II's head squeezing the life out of a defenseless African villager illustrates, an international campaign developed in the 1890s in opposition to the brutal forced-labor regime in what had become the Belgian king's personal fiefdom in the Congo after The much-publicized scandal compelled the Belgian government to take over the administration of the colony in 1906.

28. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
White Settler Colonies in South Africa and the Pacific
Relations varied
Disease decimates in some cases
Some native peoples Westernized
Some more resistant

29. Visualizing the Past Capitalism and Colonialism British Investment Abroad on the Eve of World War I (1913)
Visualizing the Past Capitalism and Colonialism British Investment Abroad on the Eve of World War I (1913)

30. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
South Africa
Afrikaners
Enslave Khoikhoi, San
British rule
Attempt to end slavery
Afrikaners resist
Move inland: Great Trek
Conflict with Bantu
British more involved
Natal

31. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
South Africa
Afrikaners form republics
Two Boer Republics
Discovery of diamonds and gold
Cecil Rhodes
Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902)

32. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Pacific Tragedies
New Zealand
1790s, first Europeans
Alcoholism, prostitution spread
Maoris adopt firearms
1850s, change
British farmers, herders arrive
Maoris pushed into interior
Adopt European culture

33. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Pacific Tragedies
Hawaii
Captain James Cook
Prince Kamehameha
Westernization
1810, rules Hawaiian kingdom
Disease devastates population

34. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change
Pacific Tragedies
Hawaii
Shift
Asian workers
American settlers
Push for annexation
Weak rulers pushed out
1893, last ruler deposed
1898, annexed by United States

35. Figure One of the most famous, but ultimately tragic, cross-cultural encounters of the late 18th century was between Captain James Cook and the crew of the ship he commanded and the peoples of Hawaii. In this painting depicting his arrival in the islands, Cook, a renowned English explorer, is welcomed enthusiastically by the Hawaiians. When Cook was later killed due to less fortunate timing and misunderstandings with the Hawaiians, he was lamented throughout Europe as one of the great lost heroes of his age.
Figure One of the most famous, but ultimately tragic, cross-cultural encounters of the late 18th century was between Captain James Cook and the crew of the ship he commanded and the peoples of Hawaii. In this painting depicting his arrival in the islands, Cook, a renowned English explorer, is welcomed enthusiastically by the Hawaiians. When Cook was later killed due to less fortunate timing and misunderstandings with the Hawaiians, he was lamented throughout Europe as one of the great lost heroes of his age.