1. Chapter 16-Solutions

2. The composition of the solute and solvent will determine…
1) Whether a substance will dissolve
2) How much will dissolve

3. Factors determining rate of solution
1)agitation/stirring
2)surface area of dissolving particles
3)temperature

4. Solids tend to dissolve best when…
1) stirred
2) crushed
3) heated

5. Gases tend to dissolve best when…
1) solution is cold
2) pressure is high

6. Solubility
Maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in solvent at a specific temp and pressure to produce a saturated soltn.
Grams of solute/100 g of solvent
Miscible – 2 liquids dissolve in each other
Immiscible – insoluble in each other

7. Saturated solutions
Contains max amount of solute for given quantity of solvent at constant temp and pressure

8. Unsaturated solutions
Contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temp and pressure

9. Supersaturated solutions
Contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature example: benzoic acid crystals in goop lab

10. For solids in liquids…as temp. goes up solubility usually goes up
For gases in a liquid, solubility goes down as temp increases

11. Henry’s Law
At a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid So…as pressure of the gas increases, the solubility increases S1/P1 = S2/P2

12. If the solubility of a gas in water is 0. 77 g/L at 3
If the solubility of a gas in water is 0.77 g/L at 3.5 atm of pressure, what is its solubility (in g/L) at 1.0 atm of pressure? Temperature is held constant at 25°C.

13. Concentration is…
a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
Qualitative descriptions
Concentrated solution
Dilute solution

14. MOLARITY (M) liters of solution Making solutions:
M = moles of solute
liters of solution
Making solutions:
-pour in about half of solvent
-pour in measured solute and mix
-fill to final volume

15. IV saline solutions are often administered to patients in the hospital
IV saline solutions are often administered to patients in the hospital. One saline solution contains 0.90 g NaCl in exactly 100 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

16. Household laundry bleach is a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). How many moles of solute are present in 1.5 L of 0.70 M NaClO?

17. Calculate the mass of sodium chloride required to make 75. 0 mL of 0
Calculate the mass of sodium chloride required to make 75.0 mL of M NaCl solution.

18. Dilutions
Reduce the number of moles of solute per unit volume, but the total number of moles of solute in solution does not change
moles of solute = M1V1 = M2V2

19. How many milliliters of aqueous 2
How many milliliters of aqueous 2.00M MgSO4 solution must be diluted with water to prepare mL of aqueous 0.400M MgSO4?

20. Percent Solutions
The concentration of a solution in % can be expressed…
As the ratio of the volume of the solute to the volume of the solution
As the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution

21. What is the percent by volume of ethanol in the final solution when 85 mL of ethanol is diluted to a volume of 250 mL?

22. Homework due Wednesday
Pg. 481 – 486
#8-15, 17, 19-23
*Remember measuring cups for Tuesday’s lab