1. Odum - Fundamentals of Ecology
“The niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. It may be said that the habitat is the organism's ‘address’, and the niche is its ‘profession’, biologically speaking.”
Odum - Fundamentals of Ecology

2. Habitat vs. Niche
Niche - the role a species plays in a community (job)
-Ex: a honey bees niche (job) is to pollinate flowers to make honey
Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life (address)
-Ex: the honey lives in the bee hive, which is in the forest.

3. Survival Relationships In Ecology - SYMBIOSIS
Studies have shown that most species survive because of the relationships they have with other species
The relationship in which there is a close association between organisms of different species is called symbiosis

4. Symbiotic Relationships
Biotic (LIVING) factors in an ecosystem interact in 2 major ways
1. Symbiotic Relationships
2. Feeding Relationships
Symbiosis- relationship between two species living in the same environment
3 Types of symbiosis:
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
Cleaning shrimp

5. Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism-
beneficial to both species (it is GOOD for both)
Ex. cleaning birds and cleaner shrimp

6. Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism-
beneficial to both species
Ex. lichen

7. Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism-
one species benefits and the other is not harmed or helped
Ex. orchids on a tree
Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called aerophyte, air plant.

8. Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism-
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria

9. Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism- parasite-host
One organism benefits and the other is harmed
The parasite attacks while the organism is still LIVING
Ex. fleas,
ticks,tapeworm

11. What type of Symbiosis is pictured?

12. What type of Symbiosis is pictured?

13. What type of Symbiosis is pictured?

14. What type of relationship is pictured?

15. Autotrophs Use energy from the sun to make their food.
Also called Producers
Examples: Plants

16. Autotrophs or Producers

17. Heterotrophs Organisms that do not make their own food
Also called a Consumer
Consume other organisms in order to live
Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Lions, Humans

18. Heterotrophs

19. If you don’t make your own food…
WHAT DO YOU EAT?!!

20. Feeding Relationships
Consumer-
Organisms that eat (consume) other organisms for energy (animals)
4 types of heterotrophs/consumers:
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Decomposers

21. Feeding Relationships
Consumers-
Herbivores
Eat only plants
What is the
Niche of a
Herbivore?

22. Feeding Relationships
Consumers-
Carnivores-
Eat only meat
What is the
Niche of a
Carinvore?

23. Feeding Relationships
Consumer-
Omnivores -eat both plants and animals

24. Feeding Relationships
Consumer- Decomposers
Eats dead and decaying matter. Returns matter to the soil.
What is the
Niche of a
Decomposer?

25. Scavengers
Scavenger: Organism eats the remains of a dead animal after another has already killed it

26. Predator - Prey As the PREY increase, so does the PREDATOR.
PREDATION (Predator – Prey): Organisms that hunt and kill another organism for food
As the PREY increase, so does the PREDATOR.
When the PREY decreases, so does the PREDATOR.

27. How are PREDATION and PARASITISM Different?
Both relationships are GOOD for one organism and BAD for the other
BUT:
Predation = the harmed organism is DEAD when it is harmed
Parasitism = the harmed organisms is ALIVE when it is harmed

28. Match the organism with its feeding relationship description
Vulture
Mushroom
Bacteria
human
Chimpanzee
Hyena
Lion
Frog
Cow
Rabbit
Butterfly
Herbivore
Carnivore
Scavenger
Omnivore
Decomposer

29. Practice EOC Question
EOC QUESTION: Which of the following is an example of an abiotic limiting factor?
Amount of rainfall
Number of predators
Type of plants
Presence of bacteria

30. Exit Ticket Explain the difference between Parasitism and Predation.
Algae live inside a species of hydra. The hydra uses the products of the algae’s photosynthesis. Ammonia resulting from the hydra’s metabolism contributes to the algae’s nutrition. The relationship can be described as
Predator – Prey
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism