1. Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

2. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Arthropods
Invertebrate animals that have jointed limbs, a segmented body, and an exoskeleton.
Examples are
Insects
Arachnids
Centipedes
Crustaceans
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

3. Arthropods As Parasites
Certain insects and arachnids become parasites when they transmit pathologic organisms, cause skin irritations, and produce toxins.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

4. Insect Characteristics
Insects have six legs
Many have wings
But some are wingless
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

5. Arachnid Characteristics
Have eight legs
Wingless
Some produce toxins
Some are so small must be seen under a microscope
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

6. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Flies
“That person is so nice.” “He wouldn’t even harm a fly”.
These two statements sometimes give the impression that the fly, although sometimes annoying, is harmless.
This is far from the truth.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

7. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Flies
Running from flies will cause the animal to use up energy which sometimes will result in weight loss.
Some flies bite, (female mosquitoes), which causes blood loss, tissue damage, and can transmit bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases to the host.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

8. Biting and Nuisance Flies
Mosquitoes
Black flies
Horse flies
Deer flies
Stable flies
Photo credit: Bastiaan (Bart) Drees
Nuisance
House flies
Face flies
Bottle flies
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

9. Biting and Nuisance Flies
Deliver painful bites
Loose weight
Carry diseases
Nuisance
The do not bite
Carry diseases
Annoy by feeding on eye and nose secretions
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

10. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
The Stable Fly
Carriers of disease
Annoying blood suckers
Require moist places to lay eggs
Photo by : Jim Kalisch, UNL Entomology
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

11. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Horn Flies
Blood suckers and very annoying
Half the size of the housefly
Majority of lifecycle spent on or near cattle
Cow spends a majority of her time trying to get away from the pests thus reducing production
Photo by : Jim Kalisch, UNL Entomology
Photo by: Jack Campbell, UNL Entomology
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

12. CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of Florida
Bot Flies
Cause animals to panic which is called “Gadding”
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of Florida
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

13. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Bot Flies
Eggs hatch and penetrate the skin
CREDITS: Dr. Donald A. Rutz - Dr. Phillip E. Kaufman, Cornell University, Dept. of Entomology
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

14. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Bot Flies
Maggots (larvae) are parasitic
Migrate to back, form warbles, cut breathing holes
Damage to the hide
CREDITS: Dr. Donald A. Rutz - Dr. Phillip E. Kaufman, Cornell University, Dept. of Entomology
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

15. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Cuterebra
Infect rabbits, mice, rats, and squirrels but rarely problem in cats and dogs
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

16. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Cuterebra
Also known as bots
Photo by : Jim Kalisch
UNL Entomology
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

17. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Cuterebra
Larvae known as wolf or wolf worms
Courtesy of Shari Nelsen, Lincoln
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

18. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Sheep Keds
Wingless fly spending entire lifecycle on sheep
Deposits fully develop larvae in the wool not eggs
Adults feed off the blood causing intense pain
Spring shearing and some insecticides
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

19. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
The Screwworm Fly
Myiasis – Larval fly disease
Eradication in U.S. in the 1950’s
Sterilization of the male
Importation restrictions
Photos by: The National Agricultural Library Special Collections
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

20. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Fleas
They bite the animal and eat the blood.
Can be an intermediate host; i.e. tapeworm
Carries several diseases; i.e. Bubonic plague
Life cycle can be as short as 16 days or as long as 2 years
The adult will lay her eggs but they do not stick to the host
“Flea dirt” is the source of food for the larvae
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

21. Flea Lifecycle - Ctenocephalides
1. Female flea feeds on host’s blood and lays eggs
5. Adult emerges and looks for new host
2. Eggs fall off host
3. Eggs hatch in 2 to 12 days
4. Larvae pupates for 7 days to 2 years
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

22. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Are These Mites or Lice?
Two Orders of Lice
Anoplura – Sucking Lice
Mallophaga – Biting Lice
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

23. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Lice
Lice can infest dogs and cats year round
Horses and cattle usually get lice in the winter
Lice are very host specific
They must live on their host at all times
Can cause intense itching, pain, and hair loss
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

24. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Lice Lifecycle
2. Adult lice must live on the host at all times
1. Lice are passed to others by direct contact with an infested host
4. Nit develops into an immature adult stage (nymph), then into an adult
3. Adult lice lay eggs called nits that stick to host’s hair
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

25. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Lice Versus Mites
Hog Louse
Insect
6 legs
Can be seen
Scroptic Mange Mite
Arachnids
8 legs
Cannot be Seen
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

26. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Mites
Not know if host specific
Transmission to humans is by physical contact.
Secondary infections from scratching
Female burrows into skin, lays eggs, larvae migrate to the top and wanders around causing intense irritation of the skin
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

27. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Demodectic Mange
Affects dogs
Caused by Demodex mite
Extreme itching, edema, and bleeding
Secondary bacterial infections follow
Considered a genetic defect
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

28. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Sarcoptic Mange
Affects several different animal species including humans
Also known as scabies
Caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite
Extreme itching, edema, and bleeding
Secondary bacterial infections follow
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

29. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Notoedric Mange
Feline mange mite called Notoedres cati
Similar to Sarcoptes
Ears, Face, and Neck
Highly contagious
Dry and crusty skin
Secondary infections
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

30. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Ticks
Largest of the arachnids
Annoying, blood suckers, carry disease
Difficult to control because of the variety of hosts
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

31. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Tick Families
Hard Ticks – Ixodids
Brown Dog Tick
Soft Ticks – Argasids
Fowl Tick
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

32. Lifecycle of Ixodes dammini
4. Nymph develops and feeds on dogs, other mammals, and humans
1. Adults mate and feed on deer
2. Eggs are laid and hatch
3. Larvae develops feeds on small animals
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

33. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Tick Classifications
ONE HOST
The easiest to control because they spend all three of their feeding stages on one host.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

34. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Tick Classifications
TWO HOST
Remains on one host for one stage of its life cycle and the other two stages on a different host.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

35. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Tick Classifications
THREE HOST
Spend the larvae and nymph stage on one animal and the adult stage feeds on a different animal.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

36. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Ectoparasite Review
What are ectoparasites?
Ectoparasites are either ______ or _______.
True or False - Important insect parasites are grouped as flies, fleas, and lice.
True or False - Mosquitoes are parasitic flies.
Describe the damage that is caused by flies.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

37. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles
Ectoparasite Review
6. How do fleas harm animals?
7. How long is a flea’s life cycle?
8. True or False – Mites and lice are both the same parasite.
9. True or False - Scroptic mange is caused by the Brown dog tick.
10. True or False - Ticks have only one host.
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles

38. Phone: Toll Free (800) 357-3182 or (940) 380-8858
Address: 2701 Hartlee Field Road, Denton, TX Fax: (940)
ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles