1. Intro to Sports Med and Athletic Training
SPORTS TRAUMA
Intro to Sports Med and
Athletic Training

2. Mechanisms and Characteristics of Sports Trauma
Mechanical Forces:
Compression
Tension
Shear
Torsion

3. Compression force
The application of a compression force to an object causes it to become squashed or compacted

4. Tension force The act or process of stretching something tight.
A force tending to stretch or elongate something.

5. Shearing forces
an applied force or pressure exerted against the surface and layers of the skin as tissues slide in opposite but parallel planes.

6. Torsion
a type of mechanical stress, whereby the external forces twist an object about its axis

7. Wound Classification
Friction Blisters – continuous rubbing over the surface of the skin that causes a collection of fluid below or within the epidermal layer

8. Abrasions – skin is scraped against a rough surface
Abrasions – skin is scraped against a rough surface. The epidermis and dermis are worn away, exposing numerous blood capillaries.

9. Skin Bruise – when a blow compresses or crushes the skin surface and produces bleeding under the skin.

10. Wound Classification (cont…)
Laceration – wound in which the flesh has been irregularly torn.

11. Wound Classification (cont…)
Skin Avulsion – skin torn by the same mechanism as a laceration to the extent that tissue (or bone) is completely ripped from its source.
Avulsion of
A tendon from it’s
Origin or Insertion

12. Wound Classification (cont…)
Incision – wound that skin has been sharply cut.

13. Wound Classification (cont…)
Puncture – wound caused by object penetration the skin.

14. Muscle Injury Classification
Acute Muscle Injuries
Contusions
Strains (Injury to muscle or tendons – CT that connects muscle to bone)
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3

15. Contusions

16. Muscle Strains

17. MIC (cont…) Muscle Cramps – Painful, involuntary muscle contractions
Muscle Spasms – Short duration cramps
Overexertion Muscle Problems
Acute-onset muscle soreness
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Muscle stiffness
Muscle cramps

18. MIC (cont…) Chronic Muscle Injuries
Myositis: inflammation of your skeletal muscles, which are also called the voluntary muscles.
Fascitis: refers to an inflammation of the fascia
Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon
Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of a tendon sheath
Bursitis: Inflammation of one or more bursae
Ectopic classification:
Myositis ossificans: Accumulation of mineral deposits in muscle tissue
Calcific tendinitis: Accumulation of mineral deposits in a tendon

19. MIC (cont…) Acute Joint Injuries
Sprains (Injury to ligaments - CT that connects bone-bone)
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3

20. MIC (cont…)
- Synovitis
- Dislocations
Subluxations
Luxations

21. MIC (cont…) Chronic Joint Injuries Osteochrondritis Arthritis
Bursitis, capsulitis, and synovitis

22. Other Trauma Skeletal Trauma – fractures
Nerve Trauma – “stingers/burners”

23. Fractures
Fracture: A disruption in the continuity of a bone.

24. Types of Fractures
Simple (closed): Bone breaks cleanly, but does not break through skin.

25. Types of Fractures
Compound (Open): Bone ends penetrate through soft tissue and skin.

26. Types of Fractures
Depressed: Occurs more frequently on flat bones when the broken bone portion is driven inward.

27. Types of Fractures
Stress fractures: Fracture resulting from repeated loading with relatively lower magnitude forces.

28. Types of Fractures Growth Plate Fractures (Salter-Harris):
Fractures at the “physis”, or areas of the growing bone that has not yet calcified.