1. Domestic cogeneration
Henrik Weldingh
DEFU a.M.B.A

2. Domestic cogeneration
Distributed generation
Combined Heat and Power, CHP
Domestic cogeneration
domestic use
connected to the Low-voltage (230/400 V)
up to 16 A per phase (<11 kVA)
single-phased or three-phased

3. Domestic Cogeneration
Environmental benefits (cogeneration)
high utilisation of fuel
Benefits in production of heat more than in production of electricity (domestic)
will be thermally led
10 kVAe  20 kWth

4. Domestic cogeneration
Technology available
gas-engines, Stirling-engines, fuel cells etc.
Needs the economy of scale
standardisation
Key factor: Rules for the connection to the grid
must be safe and simple to connect

5. Domestic cogeneration
Bi-directional energy flow
in contrast to the design of the network

6. The CWA CEN Workshop Agreement
bridge the gab between consortia and the formal process of standardisation
A CWA is developed by the workshop (participants with direct interest)
Not a standard

7. The CWA Recommends future good practice
Forms a sensible starting point for the standardisation process

8. The CWA on domestic cogeneration
Initiated April 2001
Finished December 2002
CWA January 2003
28 organisations
10 European countries
CIRED participated as a (European) organisation

9. CIRED questionnaire Through CIRED WG04 12 questions
Reply from 10 countries

10. CIRED questionnaire Rules in existence Most important technical issue:
no specific rules (at that time)
all kind of rules and regulations on this field
Most important technical issue:
Safety (dual supply)
Power quality (voltage quality)
flicker
steady state voltage rise

11. CIRED questionnaire
Procedures etc. required to isolate the (distributed) generators for work on the network
rules in some countries
Specific questions on protections
specific answers

12. The CWA on domestic cogeneration
Condition:
domestic cogeneration represents a non dominant part of the (local) power production.
Does not cover the safety for DNO personnel working upstream
Does not cover tariff questions

13. The CWA on Domestic Cogeneration
Safety requirements
Power quality
fortification of the grid?
Operation and safety of the appliance
dual supply
Commissioning
Type-testing and type certification

14. The CWA on domestic cogeneration
Protection system:
safety of persons
power quality
security of supply
protection of the appliance itself
Same measure may serve several purposes

15. The CWA on domestic cogeneration
Loss-of-mains protection
fast action to protect
stay connected to avoid cascade loss of generation
Simple solutions!
National settings overrule values in the CWA

16. The CWA on domestic cogeneration
Commissioning
the DNO must be informed but not necessary to wait for acceptance
Type-testing and type certification

17. From CWA to EN Process initiated in CENELEC WG group established
kick-off meeting 6th of February 2003
WG group established
BTWG 112-2

18. From CWA to EN Transferred to new TC 8 Meets May 21th 2003
IEC TC 8 System aspects for electrical energy supply
CLC TC8x WG 2
Meets May 21th 2003
WG still open to experts