1. State the chemical formula of the molecule below.N: O: 6 10 1 2 C6
H10 N O2

2. Identify the molecule below as a carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid, and defend your answer.
Protein
Contains C, H, O, and N atoms C6
H10 N O2

3. Differentiate between A and B.
A is an amino acid
A is a monomer A
B is a protein
B is a polymer B

4. Explain how amino acids become proteins.
Polymerization A B

5. State the number of amino acids found in nature.20

6. Explain why it is possible to build millions of different proteins from just 20 amino acids.
Can be arranged in different orders (like letters of the alphabet)

7. Identify the squares in the diagram.
R-groups of each amino acid

8. Explain why R groups are important.
Living things use R-groups to tell apart the 20 amino acids.

9. Explain when your body would need to tell apart amino acids.
When building a protein

10. Chemical reaction (digestion)
Label A, B, and C in the diagram below. A
Enzyme
enzyme
Chemical reaction (digestion)
Starch B
Glucose C
Starch
Glucose

11. Chemical reaction (digestion)
Explain why enzymes are needed to break down starch into glucose.
The breakdown of starch is a SLOW chemical reaction
Enzymes speed up the reaction
Enzyme
enzyme
Chemical reaction (digestion)
Starch
Glucose
Starch
Glucose

12. Carbohydrates (cellulose)
Explain how plants and animals differ in terms of how they build structure.
Plants
Carbohydrates (cellulose)
Animals
Protein (Muscle)

13. Identify structures A and B in the diagram below.
A is a virus
B is an antibody A B

14. Explain why antibodies are an essential protein in living things.
They prevent viruses from entering/infecting cells A B

15. Explain why the molecule below is considered a nucleic acid.
Contains C, H, O, N, and P

16. Identify the organic compound below, and defend your answer.
Nucleic acid
Contains C, H, O, N, and P

17. Differentiate between A and B.
Nucleotide A
Monomer B
Nucleic Acid
(DNA)
Polymer

18. State the number of nucleotides found in nature.4

19. Describe the function of nucleic acid in living things.
Nucleic Acids
Instructions for making protein
R group
R group
R group
Now, we are going to build the third type of organic macromolecule, known as a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Which atoms have we not used before? Nitrogen, phosphorus. Just as starch is a polymer assembled from glucose monomers, nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.
These nucleotide monomers polymerize to form nucleic acids. They are called “nucleic” acids because they are found in the nucleus of a cell. What very important thing is located in the nucleus of a cell? DNA/genetic material! Nucleic acids are therefore the molecules that make up DNA.
R group

20. Different order of nucleotides Different order of amino acids
Both bears and snakes use DNA as instructions for making protein. Explain why bears and snakes can make different proteins.
Nucleic Acids
Different order of nucleotides
R group
R group
Different order of amino acids
Different protein
R group
R group
R group
R group
Now, we are going to build the third type of organic macromolecule, known as a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Which atoms have we not used before? Nitrogen, phosphorus. Just as starch is a polymer assembled from glucose monomers, nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.
These nucleotide monomers polymerize to form nucleic acids. They are called “nucleic” acids because they are found in the nucleus of a cell. What very important thing is located in the nucleus of a cell? DNA/genetic material! Nucleic acids are therefore the molecules that make up DNA.
R group
R group