1. 7Y 04-28-2016 Thursday MN Juvenile Justice System
Describe the goals, offenses, penalties, long term consequences, and privacy concerns of Minnesota’s juvenile justice system.
Main: chicken taco bowl
Alternate: crispy chicken wrap
Sides: seasoned rice, mixed veggies, fruit
Agenda:
Do Now: If a child commits a crime, what should happen? Why?
Lesson and Notes: Minnesota’s Juvenile Justice System.
Exit Ticket
HW: Study for a short quiz on Friday – Types of Taxes

2. Juvenile Justice
In Minnesota

3. History of Juvenile Law
Originally, juvenile offenders were treated the same as adult criminals
Beginning in 1899, states began forming separate juvenile courts
Juvenile Courts became common and similar in the states in the 1960s
Why do you think states made this change?

4. How are minors different than adults?
Generally, minors are not as mature as adults. This means they may not have the experience or wisdom necessary to think about their decisions. Their brains don’t fully develop until they are in their 20s.
Minors may not realize the consequences of their actions.
Minors have less control over their own lives, and may be influenced by criminal adults and peer pressure.
We feel that children are basically good and there is a greater chance that a child can change their behavior and straighten out.

5. What is the goal of Criminal Law?
Punishment
“Eye for an Eye”
Way for society to take revenge
Prevention
Discourage offender from committing crimes in the future
Discourage future offenders
Incapacitation
Lock up in jail
Protect society from offender
Rehabilitation
Focus on changing behavior to lead a productive life
Examples: vocational programs, counseling
What do you think is the
goal of juvenile justice?

6. The Goal of Juvenile Justice is Rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation means to “restore to a useful life.”

7. Vocabulary - Adult Criminal System Juvenile System Defendant
Respondent
Trial by jury
Adjudication, not all states give juveniles the right to a jury trial
Sentencing
Disposition
Crime
Offense
Criminal
Juvenile Offender
Guilty
Delinquent
Sentenced based upon offense
Sentencing varies, many options

8. What Happens? Juvenile System Adult Criminal System
Taken into custody by police
Arrested by police
Charged with a crime
Petitioned for an offense
Found by court to have committed offense
Found guilty by court
Sentenced to an adult correctional facility for a specified period of time
Receive a disposition to be placed in a juvenile facility or other option

9. Minnesota Juvenile Justice System
Can be certified as an Adult/ Extended Jurisdiction Juvenile
Apprehended/Taken into Custody
Over 14 and charged with a felony
Under age 10 at Time of offense
Child in need of protection
Juvenile Court
Dismissed
Age at time of offense
Found not to have committed charge
Denies Charge
Admits to offense charge
Trial
Found to have committed charge
Disposition Hearing

10. Apprehension – Getting Caught
Most apprehensions are done by police officers
If the juvenile is between 10 and 17 years of age, the case is referred to juvenile court and is considered rehabilitative
If the juvenile is younger the 10 years of age, the case is sent to juvenile court as a child in need of protection and social services becomes involved

11. Going to Court
Usually a bench trial which means the judge is the only fact finder and there is no jury
Judge determines if the youth is delinquent
If youth is determine delinquent, the judge sets a date for the disposition hearing

12. Some Possible Sentences in Juvenile Court
Fine
Counseling or Treatment
Community Service
Electronic Monitoring
Probation
House Arrest
Placement with someone other than a parent, such as in a group home
Juvenile Detention Facility
Adult Jail, if certified as an adult
Judges often have the ability to give other sentences, as well.

13. When a Minor is Certified as an Adult
May be certified as an adult if:
Older than 14 years of age and charged with a felony
(generally, a felony is a crime punishable by death or imprisonment for more than a year)
Age 16 or older and charged with first degree murder or has a previous adult felony conviction
If convicted, will receive an adult sentence
Vocabulary to Review
Felony: the Federal government defines a felony as a crime punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year. If punishable by exactly one year or less, it is classified as a misdemeanor. Crimes commonly considered to be felonies include, but are not limited to: aggravated assault and/or battery, arson, burglary, illegal drug use/sales, grand theft, robbery, murder, rape, and vandalism on federal property. Broadly, felonies can be categorized as either violent or non-violent (property and drug) offenses.
Stayed: the juvenile is first given the chance to complete the terms of the juvenile disposition. If the juvenile fails to complete the juvenile disposition, the adult sentence, which may include incarceration in an adult correctional facility, takes effect.

14. Extended Jurisdiction Juvenile (EJJ)
Alternative to Certifying to Adult Court. Juvenile not tried as an adult but may get an adult sentence that can be used in the future. Last chance before adult court.
Between 14 and 17 years of age and charged with a felony
Given a juvenile disposition and the adult sentence is stayed (put on hold) as long as minor obeys the juvenile disposition or until the minor reaches 21
At age 21 the court will decide whether to enforce the adult sentence. May also require extended probation.

15. What About My Record? Juvenile Records are NOT always private.
If a 16 or 17 year old is charged with a felony, the record is public
If a minor is Certified as an Adult, the record is public
If a minor has an Extended Jurisdiction that results in an adult sentence, that is public
Driving violation records are always public

16. Possible Future Effects of a Juvenile Adjudication Record
Juvenile Adjudication Records, though private, can still be seen by certain employers and government agencies. As a result, such a record can result in:
May result in longer sentences if convicted of a crime in the future
May not be able to work with young children
May make it harder to get any job
Family may not be able to get public housing
May not be able to join the military or work in law enforcement
May not be allowed to own a firearm
May make it harder to get student loans for college