1. FDR and the New Deal
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did the New Deal offer a new approach to confronting the Depression?

2. TEKS and Objectives We will… I will…
(16D) compare the New Deal policies and it’s opponents’ approaches to resolving the economic effects of the Great Depression (16E) describe how various New Deal agencies and programs (19A) evaluate the impact New Deal legislation on the historical roles of state and federal government (19B) explain constitutional issues raised by federal government policy changes and judicial branches of government (26D) identify the political, social, and economic contributions of Eleanor Roosevelt to American society
Complete a graphic organizer summarizing important people, events, and ideas from the Great Depression

3. The Great Depression Overproduction Speculation Buying on Credit
Causes
Effects
Overproduction
Speculation
Buying on Credit
Hawley Smoot Tariff
Stock Market Crash
Dust Bowl
Business Failures
High Unemployment
Bank Failures
Increased Suicides
Homelessness
Poverty

4. President Herbert Hoover
“Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement.”
“Rugged Individualism”
Americans should pull themselves “up by their bootstraps”
Laissez-Faire Economics
Government should not interfere in the economy
Bonus March
WWI veterans protested for early payment of bonus
Hoover sent U.S. Army to stop protest

5. Presidential Election of 1932
Herbert Hoover (REP)
Very unpopular for failing to act during the Great Depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt (DEM)
Governor of New York
Promised Americans a NEW DEAL to put them back to work
Landslide victory

7. A New Style of Leadership
“…the only thing we have to fear is fear itself…”
“Fireside Chats”
Radio addresses to the American people
Restored public confidence with his optimism

8. Roosevelt’s Health Diagnosed with Polio at 39
Disease that affects the nerves and spine
Could only walk short distances with crutches
Made him sympathetic to suffering of others

9. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt President’s eyes and ears
traveled throughout the country and around the world
Spoke strongly for women’s rights, the cause of peace, and the poor

10. Women in the Great Depression
Mothers and Homemakers
Cooking, cleaning, caring for children
Had to quietly make ends meet
It’s Up the Women
Book by Eleanor Roosevelt
Called on women to pull their families through the crisis
Frances Perkins (Secretary of Labor)
First female member of the U.S. Cabinet
Played in a key role in passage of important legislation

11. New Deal Legislation: Relief, Recovery, Reform
First Hundred Days
FDR called Congress in to a special session
Virtually all of the important bills he submitted were enacted
Bills were intended to provide the R’s – Relief, Recovery, Reform

12. New Deal Legislation: Relief, Recovery, Reform
Ease suffering of the needy
Recovery
Increase production and consumer spending
Reform
Prevent another depression in the future

13. New Deal Programs Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Insured bank deposits so people will not lose savings if bank fails
Social Security Administration
Provided workers with unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and life insurance if they died early
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Regulated the stock market, prevented fraud, and guarded against another crash

14. “Alphabet Soup” Agencies
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Created federal jobs by building public projects
Schools, roads, courts, post offices, bridges
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Created manual labor jobs for the unemployed
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Gave jobs to young men
Planting trees, cleaning up forests
Lived in camps and received free food
Most pay sent to parents
The programs created government jobs

15. Critics of the New Deal Huey Long, U.S. Senator
Promised $5,000/year to American families by taxing the rich
Father Charles Coughlin
Called for nationalization of banks and utilities
Francis Townsend
wanted $200/month pensions for citizens 65 and older

16. U.S. Supreme Court Schechter Poultry v. U.S. (1937)
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) gave President power to regulate interstate commerce
First Agricultural Adjustment Act
Government paid farmers to plant less
Hoped to increase crop prices
Supreme court ruled that even during a national crisis, Congress cant’ give President more power than granted by Constitution

17. U.S. Supreme Court Court-Packing Scheme
Roosevelt proposed plan to allow President to add a new appointment for every Justice over 70
Roosevelt could have appointed 6 Justices if approved
Condemned by the public/rejected by Congress