1. Chapter Ten
Acids, Bases,
and Salts

2. Acids, Bases, and Salts CO 10.1
Fish are very sensitive to the acidity of the water present in an aquarium.
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3. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.1
The difference between the aqueous solution processes of ionization and dissociation.
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4. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.2
Litmus is a vegetable dye obtained from certain lichens found principally in the Netherlands.
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5. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.3
A white cloud of finely divided solid NH4Cl is produced by the acid-base reaction that results when the colorless gases HCl and NH3 mix.
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6. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.1
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7. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.4
The sour taste of limes and other citrus fruit is due to the citric acid present in the fruit juice.
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8. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.2
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9. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.5
A comparison of the number of acidic species present in strong acid and weak acid solutions of the same concentration.
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10. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.3
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11. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.4
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12. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.6
The acid-base reaction between sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide produces the insoluble salt barium sulfate.
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13. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.7
Formation of water by the transfer of protons from H3O+ ion to OH- ions.
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14. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
CC 10.1
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15. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig. 10.9
The relationship between H3O+ and OH- in aqueous solution is an inverse proportion.
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16. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.5
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17. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
Most fruits and vegetable are acidic.
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18. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
Relationship among pH values, H3O+ and OH- at 24 degrees.
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19. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
pH values of selected common liquids.
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20. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
A pH meter gives an accurate measurement of pH values.
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21. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.6
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22. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.7
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23. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
CAG 10.1
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24. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
CC 10.2
Acid Rain
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25. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.8
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26. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Table 10.9
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27. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Ken O’Donoghue © Houghton Mifflin Company
Ken O’Donoghue © Houghton Mifflin Company
Fig (a) The buffered and unbuffered solutions have the same pH level.
Fig (b) After adding 1mL of a 0.01 M HCl solution, the pH of the buffered solution has not perceptibly changed, but the unbuffered solution has become acidic.
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28. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
CAG 10.2
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29. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
CC 10.4
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30. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
This simple device can be used to distinguish among strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes.
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31. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
Diagram showing setup for titration procedures.
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32. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
CC 10.5
Electrolyte and Body Fluids
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33. Acids, Bases, and Salts cont’d
Fig
An acid-base titration using an indicator that is yellow in acidic solution and red in basic solution.
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