1. Crusades

2. What is a Crusade? Holy war against an infidel or unbeliever
In medieval Europe, this meant anyone who did not follow the Roman Catholic religion

3. How The Crusades Began…
Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took over Jerusalem
Threatened Byzantium
The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I wrote a letter to Pope Urban II asking for help
Remember we discussed this during our
Islam unit??

4. Byzantium = Nervous
Turks took over Abbasid land and the Anatolian peninsula
VERY close to Constantinople… the Byzantine Emperor asked for HELP!

5. Pope Urban II
Saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the church and raise an army
Could free Jerusalem and the “holy land”
In 1095 the Pope called on people to fight for “their God” and he promised the remission of sins

6. Pope Urban II & Peasants
Called on the people of Europe to fight in 1095
Thousands responded
Peasants are unprepared (skills & supplies)
Most die

7. Why Join a Crusade? Knights motivated by: Religion (and sins)
Adventure
Fighting
Opportunity to gain land, riches & maybe even a title

8. Crusade Video

9. 1st Crusade First Crusade Many knights (especially from France)
Several thousand cavalry & 10,000 infantry
Reached Jerusalem in June, 1099
Won

10. After the Crusaders won…
They divided up the land into states
Called the land the “Kingdom Beyond the Sea”
Many crusaders returned home (to England, France, etc.)…
Muslims win back one of the states by 1144: Edessa

11. 2nd Crusade
Crusaders try to win back Edessa
Fail

12. 3rd Crusade (King’s Crusade)
Jerusalem recaptured by Muslims by 1187
Muslims led by Saladin
Third Crusade (sometimes called the Kings Crusade) led by many great European leaders
King Richard vs. Saladin… ends in a truce
Muslims control Jerusalem but Christians are free to worship in the city

13. 4th Crusade Many years later… Saladin dies
Pope Innocent III decides to start a 4th crusade to win back Jerusalem
Crusaders meet in Venice, Italy- they realize they need money and weapons
Venice’s leader, Dodge Dandello
Invade Constantinople (Byzantium)

14. 4th Crusade Not a single Muslim killed
The Crusaders never made it to Jerusalem
The Crusades began because of the emperor of Byzantium- in the end they invade Byzantium!

15. Crusade Video

17. Other Crusading Efforts:
Spanish Reconquista / Inquisition
Children’s Crusade

18. Effects of the Crusades:
Power of religion
Status of women
Trade
Religious tensions among Christians, Jewish, Muslims