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PASTORAL WOMEN’S LAND RIGHTS AND VILLAGE LAND USE PLANNING IN TANZANIA: EXPERIENCES FROM THE SUSTAINABLE RANGELAND MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Naseku Kisambu (TWLA), Fiona Flintan (ILRI), Elizabeth Daley (Mokoro), Sabine Pallas (ILC)
2017 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, Washington DC, March 20-24, 2017
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2. Introduction In Tanzania pastoralists in general face discrimination.
Women face a ‘double burden’ in that they are also discriminated against as women.
Village land certification and land use planning is enabled by policy and law, yet only around 1200 of approx villages in Tanzania have VLUPs (due to limited capacity and resources).
SRMP has been introducing joint VLUP in order to protect shared resources e.g. grazing.
Study carried out in 4 villages in Chemba & Kiteto Districts, in 2014/15.

3. Women’s rights in policy and legislation
VLA (1999): “The right of every women to acquire, hold, use and deal with land shall be to the same extent and subject to the same restrictions treated as a right of any man.”
Land Tribunal Act (2002): at least 3 of the 7 members of the Village Council should be women.
Land Use Planning Act (2007):the land adjudication committee should have at least 4 women of 9.

4. Women’s rights in customary law and practices
Public domain dominated by men, however women able to influence decisions within the home.
Women have their own responsibilities and contributions to make to the pastoral group. Women’s domain is the hut. Women play a strong role in production of small stock.
Women cannot inherit land, but can use it.
Can be allocated areas for e.g. keeping calves.
Women free access to grass for hut-building.

5. Results of the research
Women as individuals/groups (agricultural) are accessing land – particularly statutory. Not a problem.
Women still seen as the one who moves out of the family (to husband) so does not benefit the household if she owns assets (eg land). Men are the responsible ones
Though women may attend meetings, their participation in decision-making remains low (particularly pastoral).
As a group member women are not denied access to grazing, water or other resources.
With land/resources being privatised and e.g. encroached, access to resources overall all is becoming more difficult. If you have money, you can access land.

6. Conclusions
Customary institutions are changing (more attention paid to gender equality) slowly but need time.
Women as part of a group are able to access land but need to rely on male family members to access group. Means some women look elsewhere (particularly when land in general is being encroached/lost). Women need to participate in village institutions to have their voice heard.
Privatisation processes (including those involving women) are contributing to weakening of the tenure collective system.
Local government technical teams need to do more to promote women’s rights.
Greater attention needs to be paid to strengthening women’s tenure security as part of the collective system. By playing the ‘women’s rights’ “card” men too can benefit.