1. Chapter 4. Optical Properties of Solids

2. Applications

3. Dopants with Semiconductor

4. Absorption and Emission

5. Light and Solid Interaction

6. Direct and Indirect Bandgap

7. PIN

8. Current vs. Voltage

9. Epi p-i-n Structure

10. Diffusion p-i-n Structure

11. Principle of Photovoltaic

12. Responsivity of Photodiode

13. What’s photovoltaic?
Photovoltaic cells are usually known as 'solar cells'. We already use them in our everyday lives in small calculators, wristwatches and parking payment machines and in larger systems on the roofs of buildings.
                           
An artist's rendering of the completed International Space Station shows its full complement of solar panels

14. Structure of Solar Cell

15. Polymer Photovoltaic

16. OLED-Flexible Display

17. LED

18. Semiconductor of Laser

19. Lasing Principle

20. Laser Diode

21. Structure of Laser Diode

22. Light Confinement

23. Characteristics of Laser diode

24. Temperature Dependence

25. Beam Geometry

26. Mounting and Heat Considerations

27. Package of Laser Diode

28. Laser Materials

29. Quantum Well Laser

30. Photoemission

31. LCD structure

32. LCD Control

33. Printing History 碳粉感應 附著感光鼓 History 1938 Carlson 碳粉壓印
Electrophotography (乾式印刷)
Xerox
Xerox 914
Xerox 9700
第一部商用雷射印表機
1984 HP 抽換式滾筒雷射印表機
1989 彩色分色列印系統
1996 Okidata LED 1200dpi
碳粉壓印

34. 影像感測器

35. Sensor Chip

36. CMOS Imager

37. CCD Imager
Photo 1. A Kodak technician examines silicon wafers containing image sensors during the manufacturing process. Two Kodak KAI-0371M high-resolution CCD image sensors (right) provided the eyes for the Sojourner rover as it navigated the surface of the planet Mars. A Kodak KAI-0371CM provided full-color images of the ground and soil samples collected by the Sojourner.
                             

38. CCD Schematic

39. CCD shift registers
Figure 5. CCD shift registers are formed by a chain of gates along one axis forming a column. By changing the polarity of the gates in sequence, the charge packet is forced by electrostatics to move along the chain. In a four-phase CCD, four gates are used to define each pixel.

40. Table: Prototype camera specifications
CCD Control
Table: Prototype camera specifications