1. Chapter 10 Violent Crimes
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2. Chapter Outline
Homicide Assault Family-related crimes Rape and sexual assault
Kidnapping Robbery Organized crime Emerging problems Violence and gun control

3. Homicide Killing of one human being by another Criminal homicides
Justifiable homicide: Sanctioned by law
Criminal homicides
Murder: Intentional killing of another person with malice aforethought
Felony murder: Requires intention to commit some other felony and the death of a person during the commission of or flight from that felony

4. Homicide (continued 1)
Manslaughter: Unlawful killing of another person without malice
Voluntary manslaughter: Killing committed intentionally but without malice
Involuntary manslaughter: Killing unintentionally but recklessly by consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk
Negligent homicide: Criminal liability for grossly negligent killing in situations where the offender assumed a lesser risk

5. Categories of Homicides
Those within the family Those among friends and acquaintances Stranger homicides associated with felonies Stranger homicides not associated with felonies

6. Types of Murder Serial murder Mass murder Gang murder
Killing of several victims over a period of time
Sociopaths: Lack internal controls, disregard values, and dominate others
Mass murder
Killing of multiple victims in one event or in very quick succession
Gang murder
Killing of rival gang members over drugs and territory

7. Assault
Attack on a person with an apparent ability to inflict injury and is intended to frighten or to cause physical harm
Battery: Results in touching or striking the victim
Simple assault: Little or no physical hurt
Aggravated assault: Serious harm on the victim or use of a deadly weapon

8. Family-Related Crimes
Spouse abuse
Attributed to the imbalance of power between male and female partners
Child abuse
Closely related to spouse abuse
Children are injured due to reckless behavior on the part of their fathers while the latter are abusing their mothers
Abuse of the elderly
Domestic elder abuse
Institutional elder abuse
Self-neglect or self-abuse

9. Rape
Act of forced intercourse by a man on a woman (other than the attacker’s wife) without her consent
Stranger rape - Occurs when the victim has had little or no prior contact with the offender
Predatory rape - Use of deception or force to rape by pretending to engage in legitimate dating behavior

10. Factors of Rape Psychological factors Sociocultural factors
Rapists suffer from mental illness or personality disorders
Offences are committed due to anger, drive for power, or the enjoyment of maltreating a victim
Sociocultural factors
Societal norms that approve of aggression as a demonstration of masculinity
Social disorganization

11. Rape and the Legal System
Difficulties of prosecution arise from:
Lack of corroborating evidence
Belief that the victim was in some way responsible for the attack
Legislative changes
Criminal sexual conduct law replaced the traditional rape laws for the first time in the state of Michigan

12. Rape and the Legal System (continued)
Degrees of assaultive sexual acts differentiated by amount of force used, infliction of injury, age, and mental condition of the victim
In states with rape shield laws:
Women are no longer required to disclose their prior sexual activity
Corroboration requirements have been reduced or eliminated

13. Kidnapping
Abduction and detention by force or fraud and transport beyond the authority of the place where the crime was committed
Lindbergh Act
States that it is a felony to kidnap and transport a victim across a state or national border
Crime was subject to death penalty, unless the victim was released unharmed

14. Robbery
Taking of property from a victim by force and violence or by the threat of violence
Types of robbers
Professional
Opportunistic
Addict
Alcoholic

15. Organized Crime Originated with the immigrants from southern Italy
Sicilian families established their crime empires after manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages was outlawed in 1920

16. Organized Crime (continued 1)
Became synonymous with the Sicilian Mafia
Mafia: Sicilian families that were loosely associated with one another in operating organized crime
Infiltrated legitimate businesses that resulted in several government investigations and control measures

17. Organized Crime (continued 2)
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act
Attacked racketeering activities
Federal Witness Protection Program
Protected witnesses who testified in court against organized crime
Includes other groups
Colombian, Bolivian, Peruvian, and Jamaican crime families

18. Organized Crime (continued 3)
Disillusioned veterans of the Korean War
Reinforced by veterans of Vietnam War
Chinese gangs
Israeli and Russian-Jewish Mafia
Jamaican posses
“Tattooed Men” of Japan’s Yakuza

19. Terrorism
Groups resorting to violence or threat of violence against opposition of constituted authority
Crucial to the terrorists’ scheme is the exploitation of the media to attract attention to their cause
Worldwide destructive impact
Resulted in increased costs of security measures

20. Other Threats
Hate crimes Militias School violence

21. Gun Control Aims to restrict the availability of firearms
Illegal gun ownership, gang membership, and drug use are closely related to gun crime, street crime, and minor delinquency
Needs stiffer penalties, including mandatory sentences that take offenders off the streets