1. Canada & WW 1,
War Breaks Out!

2. Flashpoint: Sarajevo
June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated while visiting Sarajevo
Assassin Gavrilo Princip belonged to Serbian terrorist group the Black Hand
Serbian nationalists resented Austrian control of Sarajevo

3. Causes of WW 1 Militarism – strong armies & navies settle disputes
Alliances – countries band together for support during war. Triple Alliance and Triple Entente!
Imperialism – gaining colonies to develop empire for raw materials & markets
Nationalism – feeling of deep loyalty to one’s people & homeland
Gavrilo Princip Serbian Terrorist Black Hand

4. Alliance System Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain)
Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
Triple Entente  Allied Powers (gain Italy in 1915)
Triple Alliance Central Powers (gain Ottoman Empire i.e., Turkey / Bulgaria in 1914)

5. Road to War

6. WW 1 Alliance Map

7. Final Steps to War Austria-Hungary sends Serbia an ultimatum.
Serbia agrees to 2 of the 3 conditions, but will not allow Austrian officials into Serbia.
Austria declares war on Serbia.
Russia mobilizes army to support Serbia & France mobilizes army to support Russia.

8. Final Steps to War (cont’d)
Threatened, Germany orders France & Russia to stop mobilizing, but they refuse.
Germany declares war on Russia & France Aug. 1 & 2,
Germany invades France through neutral Belgium to bypass French fortifications (Schlieffen Plan).
Aug. 4 Britain declares war against Germany in support of treaty with Belgium.

9. Canada Automatically at War

10. Schlieffen Plan

11. Canada Goes to War
Canada was not a fully independent nation in 1914, but was part of the British Empire.
When Britain was at war, Canada was automatically at war.
English & French Cdns strongly supported the war against Germany.
Cdn PM Borden offered to train & equip 25,000 men two days after war declared.
PM Borden

12. Canada Goes to War (cont’d)
Aug Canadian Armed Forces  2 old navy cruisers, 3000 soldiers, 60,000 militia.
Minister of Militia Sam Hughes organized massive recruiting campaign.
Nationalism & high unemployment led to a flood of volunteers.
Colonel Sam Hughes
Minister of Militia

13. Mobilizing the Troops
Hughes set up a military training camp at Valcartier, Quebec for 30,000 volunteers.
The Canadian made the Ross rifle jammed in the mud of trench warfare causing Hughes to be fired.
Canadian troops clashed with their British commanding officers who demanded unquestioning respect despite mistakes.

14. Valcartier

15. Trenches From Hell

16. The Western Front

17. The Trench System The Trench system ran from the English Channel in the North to Switzerland in the South

18. Over The Top

19. The Trenches

20. Inside View

21. Trenches Preserved

22. Tunnels

23. The reality of ‘going over the top’

24. How would you like to live like this!

25. A Shovel was a Soldiers main tool!

26. Sleep when you can!

27. A Muddy Nightmare!

28. More Mud!

29. Freezing Winters

30. Communications

31. WWI Machine Gun

32. Shells

33. Shrapnel

34. Steel through Flesh

35. Trench Foot!

36. Poison Gas Attacks!

37. Life after the War