1. World War II in the Pacific

2. Allies v. Axis Powers Allies Axis Powers Great Britain France
Soviet Union (after 6/1941)
U.S. (after 12/1941)
Plus many smaller European nations
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan

3. Causes of US entering WWII
Japanese Imperialism – US economic sanctions against Japan to protest aggression
German Sub Attacks on US naval destroyers while escorting British ships
Military Support of Allies -Neutrality Act and Lend-Lease allow US to supply Britain with war goods
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
US Enters WWII December 8, 1941

4. Pearl Harbor
      
   Japan was working on expanding empire throughout the Pacific; US stood in the way
The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to try and deter Japan from invading countries
Japan decided to attack Hawaii where nearly all of our Pacific fleet was
US Army tried to use radar to detect Japanese planes but still too unreliable

5. Pearl Harbor Continued
It was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was taken off guard
2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
Impact/Damage on U.S.
o     2,403 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives
o     1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded
o     18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged

6. Pearl Harbor Continued
Japan viewed as a stunning victory
December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

9. Battle of the Coral Sea
Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle and taking over the Pacific
May U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from invading
Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to stop Japan invasion for the first time
U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken Japan’s forces

13. Battle of Midway
June 1942
Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese code
U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific island called Midway
U.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway

14. Battle of Midway
The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800 men, and suffered heavy damage among the remaining vessels of their fleet.
American losses included 1 carrier, the Yorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes, and 307 men

18. Battle of Iwo Jima
Island in the Pacific that was critical for U.S. win
March 1945
27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima
U.S. won
26,800 Japanese troops died
6,000 U.S. Marines died

21. Battle of Okinawa June 22, 1945 Japan’s last defensive stronghold
Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks
110,000 Japanese troops died
7, ,500 U.S U.S. troops died
U.S. won

24. Manhattan Project and End of War with Japan
President Harry Truman made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on two cities in Japan
200,000 Japanese died due to the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Hiroshima
August 6, 1945
“Little Boy”
In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
“Fat Man”
Leveled half of the city

28. Effects of the Bomb
Those who did not die immediately suffered in great agony from burns and radiation poisoning
Side effects: vomiting blood, loss of hair, increasingly weak
By 1990, the US and the Soviet Union would have 70,000 nuclear weapons
7 countries would have nuclear capabilities by 1990
The world has lived with the threat of another nuclear attack for the past 70 years

29. Truman defends his decision
“…..We have used it against those who attacked without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have abandoned the pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young American.”

30. V-J Day August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional surrender
September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender)

31. Summary
1) How did America join WWII?
2) How did WWII end for Japan?

33. U.S. Occupation of Japan
Similar trials held for Japanese war criminals
7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death (including Tojo)
U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the direction of General Douglas MacArthur
Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and women suffrage)
Introduced a free market economy

34. Summarize the War in the Pacific including
Pearl Harbor
Important Battles
The Atomic Bomb